The Neo specific probe was generated by using primers MG3159 and MG3160 to amplify a 542-bp fragment of Neo. PCR products were purified (Qiaquick; Qiagen) and 25 ng of template was labeled with 32P-dCTP using random oligonucleotides (Roche). Labeled probes were purified (Qiaquick; Qiagen) prior to hybridization. Four μg of isolated genomic DNA was digested overnight with AflII (NEB) at 37°C and electrophoresed on a 0.7%

TAE agarose gel. Following acid depurination, the genomic digests were then transferred to a positively charged nylon membrane (Zeta-Probe; BioRad) by alkaline transfer in 0.4M NaOH. The membrane was prehybridized at 63°C in Church buffer with 150 μg/mL fish sperm sodium salt (Amresco) for 60 minutes. selleckchem For both Fah and Neo blots, the membranes were hybridized overnight in Church Pirfenidone supplier buffer with the 32P-labeled probe at 63°C. Membranes were subsequently washed in successive baths of 2×, 1×, and 0.1× SSC with 0.1% SDS at 63°C for 10 minutes each. Membranes

were developed by autoradiography for 2-7 days (BioMax MS; Kodak). Porcine fetal fibroblast were seeded in a 4-well plate and grown until contact inhibited. The cells were trypsinized until cells started to become detached and resuspended in salt-buffered NCSU-23 containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). Oocytes were matured in Eagle’s TC199-Hepes supplemented with 5 mg/mL insulin, 10 ng/mL EGF, 0.6 mM cysteine, 0.2 mM sodium pyruvate, 25 mg/mL gentamicin, 5 mg/mL FSH, and 10% porcine follicular fluid for 40 hours prior to manipulation. All SCNT and embryo transfers were performed by Viagen (Austin, TX)

and Exemplar Genetics (Sioux Center, IA) following standard protocols as described by Polejaeva et al. and Walker et al.22, 23 All reconstructed oocytes were transferred into naturally cycling gilts on the first day of standing estrus. A midline laparotomy was performed exposing the uterus, following which the reconstructed embryos were transferred into the oviduct at the ampullary-isthmus junction. Four gilts underwent embryo transfer Niclosamide with each gilt receiving 136 embryos. Histological analyses and FAH immunostaining were performed as described.24 For western blot analysis, liver samples were homogenized in cell lysis buffer (Cell Signaling) and 30 μg of isolated total protein were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by immunoblotting onto a polyvinylidene fluoride microporous membrane (Immobilon-P, Millipore). The primary antibodies against FAH and beta-actin (Cell Signaling) were detected with a secondary horseradish peroxidase (HRP) antirabbit antibody (BioRad), and imaged using a chemiluminescent substrate for detection of HRP (Thermo Scientific). FAH enzyme assays were carried out on a cytosolic fraction of homogenized liver as described.