tuberculosis genotypic families and further linked to “”ancient”" and “”modern”" lineages of tubercle bacilli as defined by PGG based selleck chemicals on KatG463-gyrA95 polymorphism [25], inferred from the reported linking of specific spoligotype patterns to PGG1,

2 or 3 [26–28]. HIV testing HIV testing was performed according to the recommendations by the Ministry of Health, Mozambique at the Sanitary Unit of enrolment. Two rapid HIV tests were used sequentially, Unigold Recombinant HIV (Trinity Biotech, Wicklow, Ireland) and Determine HIV-1/2 (Abbot, Tokyo, Japan). Samples were tested first with Determine and reported only when negative. Positive samples were confirmed with Unigold. All tests were performed and interpreted according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Acknowledgements This study was funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency through the Eduardo Mondlane University and Karolinska Institutet Research and Training collaboration, the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, and the Swedish Research Council. We thank the staff of the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Mozambique,

who assisted in sample processing and culture, in particular Dr. Elisabeth Coelho, Mr. Salomão and Mrs Mercedes, and the staff of the Center Selleckchem Ralimetinib of Biotechnology, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique who assisted in the molecular typing. VH was awarded a Ph.D. fellowship by the European Social Funds through the Regional Council of Guadeloupe. The SITVIT2 database project was partially financed by the Regional Council of Guadeloupe (CR/08-1612: Biodiversité et Risque Infectieux dans les modèles insulaires). Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Description of the orphan strains (n = 49)

and corresponding spoligotyping defined lineages. (DOC 88 KB) Additional file Etomidate 2: Description of 98 shared types from Mozambique. A total of 79 SITs containing 368 isolates matched a preexisting shared type (SIT) in the SITVIT2 database, whereas 19 SITs (containing 28 Isolates) were newly-created either within the present study or after a match with an orphan in the database. (DOC 183 KB) References 1. Global tuberculosis control – epidemiology, strategy, financing. WHO Report 2009. 2. Comas I, Homolka S, Niemann S, Gagneux S: Genotyping of genetically monomorphic bacteria: DNA sequencing in mycobacterium tuberculosis highlights the limitations of current methodologies. PLoS One 2009,4(11):e7815.PubMedCrossRef 3. Kamerbeek J, Schouls L, Kolk A, van Agterveld M, van Soolingen D, Kuijper S, Bunschoten A, Molhuizen H, Shaw R, Goyal M, et al.: Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology. J Clin Microbiol 1997,35(4):907–914.PubMed 4. World Health Organization: Multidrug and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: 2010 Global Report on Surveillance and Response. 5.