Conversely, while these pAbs recognized proteins from diverse subcellular compartments in GS, neither surface proteins nor proteins with a VSP pattern were detected (Figure 1C). Besides the data related to phenotypic

similarities or differences between both PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor assemblages, it has been shown at the molecular level that there are only a few assemblage-specific genes, except for the VSP gene family, where the repertoires of the two isolates are completely different [14]. Therefore, it was not surprising that, after immunization with the WB isolate, we found no VSP labeling in GS trophozoites. The fact that giardins are proteins of selleck inhibitor approximately 30 kDa, and taking into account their high immunoreactivity, prompted us to Epacadostat in vivo analyze whether the production of mAbs against giardins might have resulted from these infected mice. Thus, after fusion, antibody-producing hybridoma cells were selected by immunofluorescence and dot-blotting assays using WB trophozoites. Several antibodies against the ventral disc and the plasma membrane were produced, with the ones that showed immunoreactivity

in the immunofluorescence and dot-blotting assays being selected for further analysis. Finally, selected hybridomas were grown, screened and cloned. No typical VSP pattern reactivity was found in GS isolates when they were tested using VSP specific mAb (not shown). Thus, the mAbs that recognized VSPs in WB were not investigated any further. Characterization of anti-giardin mAbs Most giardins showed a plasma membrane localization, with some of these being localized in the ventral disc, and the molecular mass of 30 kDa being a feature of all of

them [18, 34–36]. Therefore, we selected the monoclonal antibodies that recognized the plasma membrane or ventral disc but also showed a 30 kDa strip in Western blot assays. Among these, G3G10 and the 12G5 mAbs showed reactivity in both WB and GS trophozoites by Western blot assay (Figure 2). The mobility of the 30 kDa protein on SDS-PAGE was the same under either reducing or non-reducing conditions, indicating that it is a single chain protein with few, if any, intrachain disulfide bonds susceptible to reducing agents (data not shown). Immunoprecipitation assays and peptide mass fingerprinting by MALDI-ToF-MS showed that G3G10 mAb recognized Y-27632 2HCl α-1 giardin, whereas 12G5 MAb recognized β-giardin in G. lamblia (Table 1). Figure 2 Western blot analysis of WB and GS Giardia proteins recognized by G3G10 (α-1 giardin) and 12G5 (β-giardin) mAbs. Nitrocellulose membranes were incubated with mAbs and developed with peroxidase-coupled anti-mouse Igs. Lane 1: standards of the indicated molecular weight. Table 1 Mass spectrometry data EMPIRIC IN SILICA PROTEIN IDENTITY Acc # Seq. Cov. # pep PI MW PI MW         — 30 5.1 24 Beta-giardin AAU95567 37 9/40 — 35 6.3 34 Alpha-1 giardin PI7063 42 12/54 Differential cellular localization of β-giardin in WB and GS trophozoites In WB trophozoites, β-giardins assemble in 2.