METHODS: The Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS) uses 4 postoperative outcome categories (pain, nonpain symptoms, functionality, and complications) graded 1 to 4 for a total possible score of 16. As a comparison with current Chiari outcome methodology, each patient was also placed into a
gestalt outcome group of “”improved,”" “”unchanged,”" or “”worse”" (I/U/W). Patients were stratified by CCOS scores CP673451 nmr and by I/U/W group.
RESULTS: Stratifying patients by total CCOS scores showed that patients who achieved CCOS scores between 13 and 16 were predominantly in the I/U/W improved group (n = 101, 69%); scores between 9 and 12 were predominantly I/U/W unchanged (n = 39, 27%), and scores between 4 and 8 were I/U/W worse (n = 6, 4%). Symptom subscore results provided insight into the specifics of the overall outcome in addition to the more quantitative nature of the 16-point scale.
CONCLUSION: We describe a CCOS that assigns higher scores to patients judged improved by gestalt I/U/W ratings and lower scores to those who were unchanged or worse while defining outcome in 4 specific subcategories. As such, this CCOS should allow for a more unified and quantifiable outcome assessment after Chiari surgery.”
“Background: Metabolic syndrome ( MetS) is used as a clinical tool to identify individuals at risk of
cardiovascular disease ( CVD) but its clinical value in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) remains uncertain.
Aim: To determine the prevalence and clinical usefulness of MetS among patients with T2DM attending diabetes clinics in a large teaching hospital.
Design: Prospective AZD9291 ic50 observational study.
Methods: Prevalence of MetS was determined by using International RVX-208 Diabetes Federation ( IDF) and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III ( NCEP- ATPIII) definitions in relation to age, sex, diabetes duration and history of CVD.
Results: A
total of 390 patients were included in this study. Both IDF and NCEP- ATPIII definitions identified high prevalence of MetS in male and female patients ( IDF: male vs. female, 91.7 vs. 94.8% and NCEP- ATPIII: male vs. female, 87.6 vs. 94.2%) regardless of age ( below vs. above 40 yrs, similar to 70 – 75 vs. similar to 90 – 95% with both definitions), diabetes duration ( below vs. above 5 yrs, similar to 85 – 90 vs. 90 – 95% with both definitions) and history of CVD ( without vs. with CVD, similar to 90 vs. similar to 95% with both definitions). Central obesity was common reflected by mean waist circumference of similar to 113cm regardless of age and gender. Among those who did not have IDF-defined MetS, similar to 60% had at least two CVD risk factors. Both definitions similarly classified similar to 94% of the patients as either having or not having MetS.
Discussion: Both definitions can be used interchangeably to diagnose MetS.