It was hypothesized that the use of a thermal device during surgery increases the temperature of fluid within the joint to >450 degrees C, which has been shown to cause chondrocyte death.

Methods: Temperature was measured at four locations within ten cadaver shoulder joints. Eight heating trials were performed on each cadaver shoulder to test three variables: the method of heating (continuous

or intermittent), the fluid pump flow rate (no flow, 50% flow, or 100% flow), and the location of the radiofrequency probe (the radiofrequency energy was either applied directly to anterior capsular tissue in a paintbrush pattern or held adjacent to the glenoid without tissue contact).

Results: Temperatures of >450 degrees C occurred in every trial. The average maximum temperatures in all no-flow conditions were significantly higher than those in the trials with flow. Higher temperatures

were measured by the anterior probe in Selleck Blebbistatin all trials. When the heating www.selleckchem.com/products/incb28060.html had been applied adjacent to the glenoid, without tissue contact, the time needed to cool to a safe temperature was significantly longer in the no-flow states (average, 140.5 seconds) than it was in the 50% flow states (average, 12.5 seconds) or the 100% flow states (average, 8.5 seconds).

Conclusions: Use of a thermal probe during arthroscopy may cause joint fluid temperatures to reach levels high enough to cause chondrocyte death, Maintaining adequate fluid-pump flow rates may help to lower joint fluid temperatures and protect articular cartilage.

Clinical Relevance: The use of radiofrequency click here devices according to the manufacturer’s recommendations in situations similar to clinical scenarios can result in exposure of chondrocytes to temperatures high enough to cause their death (>45 degrees C). While this complication is rare, this study emphasizes that care must be taken when using

these devices; precautions include minimization of direct chondrocyte exposure and maintenance of adequate flow rates.”
“Obesity is associated with decreased compliance with cancer screening, but with an increased risk for cancer development. However, the relationship between weight status and compliance with stomach cancer screening has not been not studied as yet. We examined men and women aged between 40 and 80 years from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2009. BMI was classified into 18.4 kg/m(2) (underweight), 18.5-22.9 kg/m(2) (normal), 23-24.9 kg/m(2) (overweight), 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2) (moderate obesity), and 30.0 kg/m(2) (severe obesity). Screening compliance was defined as undergoing stomach cancer screening every 2 years with either gastroscopy or upper gastrointestinal series. The overall screening rates of stomach cancer were 43.2 (0.9)% for men and 43.4 (0.8)% for women. After adjustment for covariates, the screening rates were higher in overweight men (adjusted odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.