Posterior morphological analyses suggested

Sarcocystis spp., commonly found in these species ( Kutkiene http://www.selleckchem.com/products/LBH-589.html and Sruoga, 2004). To further confirm direct parasite detection in bird species, parasite-specific DNA amplification and/or parasite isolation is desirable. However, many obstacles may turn that task ungrateful. Parasite forms evidenced by immunoenzymatic assays were findings of histopathological examination of animals that were taken in with other clinical conditions. In that sense, with no macroscopic evidences of infection, tissue collection for PCR assays becomes nearly random. DNA extraction of positive paraffin-embedded tissues was tried in our laboratory, however yielded poor quality DNA, independently of the extraction procedure. This phenomenon was previously observed in an interlaboratory comparison of diagnostic methods for N. caninum infection in bovine fetuses ( van Maanen et al., 2004). It has been shown in the present work that N. caninum may be present in wildlife bird species, and more studies should be performed to measure the actual susceptibility and infection rates of wildlife birds to the infection. We are grateful to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for financial support of this research. “
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“Animal African trypanosomoses (AAT) are infectious diseases of livestock that kill approximately 3 million cattle each year, with a further 50 million at risk of the disease (FAO, 2003). AAT contribute to poor meat and milk production, poor growth of young stock and reduction in fertility (Shaw et al., 2014). The causative agents of AAT are flagellated protozoa of the Trypanosoma genus. Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei cause wasting disease nagana, mainly in ruminants, and are transmitted by tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa. T. vivax also occurs in Latin America where it is transmitted by other blood sucking flies. T. evansi causes surra in camels, horses and ruminants and occurs in Northern and Eastern Africa, Latin America, South East Asia and sporadically in Southern Europe. T.