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“Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. A large part of research focusing on the pathogenesis of IPF suggested that oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bleomycin induced lung fibrosis. We therefore examined whether fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum Linnaeus, 1753 and its phenolylic extract inhibits selleck kinase inhibitor bleomycin induced lung fibrosis in rats. Forty male Wistar

rats were given a single dose of bleomycin (4 mg/kg, intratracheally). After 2 weeks of treatment, both fenugreek seed polyphenol extract (FSPE) and fenugreek powder supplementation (FPS) significantly reduced MDA (0.280 +/- 0.053 and 0.205 +/- 0.031 nmol/mg protein respectively) and increased TAS (0.888 +/- 0.086 and 0.695 +/- 0.086 mmol/l) in comparison to control groups (0.434 +/- 0.043 and 0.417 +/- 0.034 nmol/mg protein for MDA; 0.345 +/- 0.043 and 0.561 +/- 0.050 mmol/l for TAS). The restoration of oxidant/antioxidant balance was seen concretely through the diminution of inflammation

in treated groups (3.29 +/- 0.49 and 4.29 +/- 0.76) in contrast BV-6 molecular weight to untreated groups (4.70 +/- 0.48 and 5.00 +/- 0.00). TGF beta was increased only in inflammatory infiltrate of parenchyma lung. In spite of these results, no correlation was found with increasing fibrosis, suggesting that a direct role for inflammation in pulmonary fibrosis is unlikely. The data suggest, in the first hand, that fenugreek’s polyphenol has a potent antioxidant activity and therefore has a potent anti-inflammatory activity against bleomycin induced lung fibrosis model in rats, and in the second hand, they confirm that besides inflammation, other factors probably interfere in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.”
“Derivative and derivative ratio methods are presented for the determination of butamirate citrate, formoterol fumarate, montelukast sodium, and sodium cromoglycate. Wnt inhibitor Using the second derivative ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, butamirate citrate and formoterol fumarate were determined by measuring the peak amplitude at 260.4 and 261.8 nm, respectively, without any interference of their degradation products.

Butamirate citrate degradation product, 2-phenyl butyric acid, was determined by the measurement of its second derivative amplitude at 246.7 nm where butamirate citrate displays zero crossing. Formoterol fumarate degradation product, desformyl derivative, could be evaluated through the use of the first derivative at peak amplitude of 264.8 nm where interference of formoterol fumarate is negligible. In the first mode, the zero-crossing technique was applied at 305 nm for the determination of montelukast sodium in the presence of its photodegradation product, cis-isomer. The derivative of ratio spectra of montelukast sodium and its cis-isomer were used to determine both isomers using the first derivative of the ratio spectra by measuring the amplitudes of the trough at 305 nm and the peak at 308 nm, respectively.