0 cm long × 4.0 mm i.d., 5 μm) containing the same stationary phase. The samples were injected automatically

(10.0 μL). The separation and guard columns were controlled thermostatically at 40 °C and a 0.8 mL min−1 flow rate was applied, using a linear gradient of 0.2% formic acid in water (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B). The optimised gradient employed for the passion fruit extracts was: 0–10 min, 12–16% B in A and 10–30 min, 16–20% B in A. The chromatogram was monitored at 330 nm, and UV spectra Fluorouracil datasheet of individual peaks were recorded in the range of 200–400 nm. The stoichiometric effect of the extracts on ROS production by PMN was measured by lucigenin-enhanced CL. Lucigenin is considered as a good chemiluminescence probe for measuring extracellular superoxide anions because it does not enter the cells (Caldefie-Chézet et al., 2002). This technique is used to measure the ability of the substances

in the extracts to neutralise superoxide anion-derived radical species produced during neutrophil stimulation. Fig. 2 shows that both healthy and PWV-infected P. edulis rind extracts had dose-dependent inhibitory MG-132 nmr effects on CL response, with healthy rinds showing a slightly stronger effect. The 50% inhibitory concentration was between 0.01 and 0.1 mg mL−1 for healthy rinds and between 0.1 and 1 mg mL−1 for infected rinds. These results suggest that the presence of PWV can affect the content of antioxidant molecules in rinds. It is well established that the profile of phenolic compounds can vary in plants infected by Rebamipide fungal pathogens, insects and viruses ( Chatterjee and Ghosh, 2008 and Lattanzio et al., 2006). PWV currently affects passion fruit plants in Brazil, where it is the most economically important viral disease of this tropical fruit crop. In addition to

reducing the productive life of an orchard from 36 to 18 months, the virus also causes significant loss of fruit yield and quality ( Trevisan et al., 2006). Contrary to the rind extracts, the pulp extracts of P. alata and P. edulis did not show a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on CL response and only the pulp extract of P. edulis presented a high inhibitory effect (98%) at 1 mg mL−1. Interestingly, the isoorientin standard (99% purity) at low concentration also showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects on CL response, with a 50% inhibition estimated between 4 μg mL−1 and 0.4 μg mL−1. Since isoorientin is a molecule isolated from P. edulis, we can conclude that some elements contained in crude extract (such as sugars and proteins) may conceal the antioxidant activity of interesting polyphenolic molecules such as isoorientin. Rudnicki et al. (2007) demonstrated that the antioxidant activities of P. alata and P. edulis leaf extracts were significantly correlated with polyphenol content. Our results highlight that the fruit, especially the rind of P. edulis and P.