001) less than the diameters of the equipment used. With a 1.5 mm drill, a ZCD of 580.2 +/- 124 mu m was produced which increased to 637.0 +/- 44 mu m following insertion of a 2 mm cortical screw although

this was not significant (P > 0.05). The ZCD from insertion of the variable AC220 molecular weight pitch headless screws (diam. 3.5 mm) was lower for the metallic compared to the bioabsorbable design (800.9 +/- 159 vs 1,236.4 +/- 212 mu m, respectively; P < 0.01). The ZCD from drilling was reduced similar to 50% (P < 0.001) by saline irrigation.

Conclusions: Cartilage injury during intra-articular screw fixation caused a ZCD around the hole irrespective of screw design. Saline irrigation significantly reduced the ZCD from drilling into cartilage. (C) 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Although the development of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) was high priority for many groups in academia and industry in the first 10-15 years after cloning the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, selleck screening library more recently active research into CF gene therapy is only being

performed by a small number of committed groups. However, despite the waning enthusiasm, which is largely due to the realization that gene transfer into lungs is more difficult than originally thought, and the fact that meaningful clinical Acalabrutinib in vivo trials are expensive and difficult to perform, gene therapy continues to hold promise for the treatment

of CF lung disease. Problems related to repeat administration of adenovirus and adeno-associated virus-based vectors led to a focus on non-viral vectors in clinical trials. However, the recent evidence that lentiviral vectors may be able to evade the immune system and, thereby, allow for repeat administration and long-lasting expression opens new doors for the use of viral vectors in the context of CF gene therapy. In addition, early pre-clinical studies have recently been initiated to address cell therapy-based approaches for CF. In this review, we discuss recent developments with viral and non-viral vectors and cell therapy, and provide an update on clinical gene therapy studies.”
“Objective: To transect blood vessels within epiphyseal cartilage canals and observe whether this resulted in ischaemic chondronecrosis, an associated focal delay in enchondral ossification [osteochondrosis (OC)] and pathological cartilage fracture [osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)] in the distal femur of foals, with potential translational value to the pathogenesis of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) in children.

Method: Ten Norwegian Fjord Pony foals were operated at the age of 13-15 days. Two vessels supplying the epiphyseal growth cartilage of the lateral trochlear ridge of the left distal femur were transected in each foal.