001) than did women with MDD and normal BMD and higher

T-scores. Of 73 women with MDD who were taking an antidepressant medication at the time of enrollment, 54 were taking one form of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Main findings One in five premenopausal women with MDD exhibited low BMD. Decreased bone mass was especially common at the hip: hip fractures are the most serious consequence of osteoporosis. The bone mass deficits observed were of clinical significance. The 2% difference observed at the hip is similar to or greater in magnitude than that of recognized osteoporosis risk factors such as cigarette smoking, lack of exercise, and absence Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of calcium supplementation.6-8 Because Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the relationship between BMD and fracture risk is exponential, small deficits in BMD translate into larger increases in fracture rates. Given a prevalence of MDD in the 134 million US women between the ages of 21 and 45 of approximately 16%,9 we estimate that nearly 4 million women with MDD may have undetected deficits in BMD of similar magnitude. How do the bone findings relate to the rest of the literature? Depression and osteoporosis: a research synthesis with meta-analysis In spite of the evidence reported here and many other published reports

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical since 1994,10 neither depressive symptoms nor MDD Ipatasertib ic50 currently appear among the risk factors for osteoporosis in official statements. In the last NIH consensus conference on osteoporosis, depression was not listed as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Furthermore, a 2006 issue of Endocrine News, an official publication of the US Endocrine Society, contained an exhaustive table listing 19 causes of secondary osteoporosis, including bone loss secondary to space flight in astronauts, but failed to mention depression for secondary osteoporosis!11 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical The sustained need to change this incorrect, longstanding perception prompted us to Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical perform a metaanalysis of the 20 original articles on bone mass in subjects with depression.12 At each site, bone mass was lower in subjects with

depression as compared with controls: AP spine bone mineral density was 4.73% lower, total femur bone mineral density was 3.53% lower, crotamiton and femoral neck bone mineral density was 7.32% lower (Figure 2) The deficits in bone mineral density in subjects with depression are of clinical significance and likely to increase fracture risk over the lifetime of these subjects. Figure 2. Meta-analysis forest plots for AP spine bone mineral density (BMD), total femur BMD and femoral neck BMD. (A) AP spine BMD: Most studies show lower AP spine BMD in depressed subjects, with 3 studies indicating that BMD was higher in controls. (B) Total … Increased abdominal fat and increased serum levels of prothrombotic factor Both central adiposity13,14 and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) -1 concentration15,16 are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.