We know much more about information acquisition in the pre-purchase than in the post-purchase phase. How do consumer beliefs about a food product change during preparation and consumption, Talazoparib clinical trial and what are these changes based on, apart from the sensory sensations under consumption? Consumers may read the food label after the purchase, they may engage in word-of-mouth or communicate via social media, but we know little about it. We know generally speaking surprisingly little about how consumers

prepare food and compose meals, even though this is a crucial aspect affecting consumer beliefs about and satisfaction with the product. For example, there is a widespread belief that consumers’ cooking skills are deteriorating [e.g., 38] and that new product development should take this into account, but there is no data showing that this is actually the case. We do have some insights into the trade-offs and synergies between sensory and informational impressions, mainly with regard to perceived taste-health trade-offs 39 and 40, but we know little about what consumers would perceive as the authentic or sustainable taste. Our understanding of consumer behaviour with regard to food and drink needs to follow the changes that we currently observe in the way consumers perceive and choose food products. In order to achieve

this, we need to follow the relationship between product and consumer www.selleckchem.com/products/azd9291.html from first shelf exposure to post ingestion. We need to regard the physical product not only as a source of sensory pleasure, but also as an information source and as an ingredient in the meal production process. We need to understand the role of labelling, branding and packaging not only in the pre-purchase, but also in the post-purchase phase. Erlotinib We need to understand the social context of food-related consumer behaviour in the shopping, in the preparation and in the consumption phase. If sensory and consumer sciences joined forces, this is challenge can be tackled. The insights obtained would have

huge potentials for increasing both consumer well-being and industry competitiveness. “
“In the article, “Outcomes of T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma patients,” by Tian et al., which appeared in the December 2011 issue of GIE (Gastronintest Endosc 2011;74:1201-6), there was an error in the Abstract and in the list of abbreviations. The correct version of each follows. Conclusion: Among the patients with T1b EAC found in EMR specimens who uderwent esophagectomy, one third had regional LNM. In our small series, patients who underwent esophagectomy did not have a significantly different survival duration from that of those who did not, indicating that these patients may have similar outcomes. Abbreviations: T1b EAC, submucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma; LNM, lymph node metastasis; PET, positron emission tomography.

For instance, research shows that women have different self-management see more education needs compared with men. Latin American women are said to be better suited to and more successful with interventions that incorporate family, peers, and promotoras (i.e., community health workers) for social support [25]. South Asian women find it harder than men to discuss their problems with male physicians or to participate in mixed-gender education groups [26]. These findings suggest that men and women with diabetes may have different DSME

needs and that different cultures may respond better to various DSME intervention features than others. A better understanding of which Ganetespib intervention features are associated with improved outcomes by gender and culture can be used to target interventions to specific populations to enhance learning, skills building, and diabetes management more effectively than a standardized DSME program. Given the rising prevalence of diabetes among women from certain ethnic backgrounds and women’s greater risk

of diabetes complications compared with men, the goal of our study was to systematically review the literature to identify DSME features associated with various self-management outcomes. For women of African/Caribbean or Hispanic/Latin ethnicity living in industrialized countries. The impetus for our research was to help direct the development of a new government-funded DSME program at a community health (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate center specifically tailored for women from high-risk ethnic groups for diabetes.

The results from this study are intended to help diabetes educators and health practitioners learn how best to deliver DSME to achieve the desired self-management outcomes. Key words used to search for relevant articles included: adult, Type 2 DM, patient care management, patient education, patient-centered care, ethnic groups, and competency-based education. A library technician searched for relevant articles published in English from 1980 to 2008 in Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, HealthStar, PsycInfo, and ProQuest Nursing & Alliance Health. Using women as a key search term was not recommended due to the high probably of excluding studies that sampled primarily women. Thus, the search strategy was broad (sensitive) to include as many relevant articles through subsequent manual screening. Reference lists of relevant reviews and articles and tables of contents from Diabetes Care and Diabetes Educator were thoroughly reviewed to ensure all relevant studies were obtained.

Es handelt sich um eine Zeitschrift mit Peer-Review-Verfahren, in der insbesondere auch junge Forschende ihre wissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse veröffentlichen können. Angenommen werden quantitative und qualitative empirische Studien, ebenso theoretische, philosophische, programmatische, soziologische und historische Artikel, die aus allen Bereichen der Naturwissenschaftsdidaktik (Biologie,

Chemie, Physik sowie Umwelt-, Erd- und integrierte Naturwissenschaften) stammen und für unterschiedliche Zielstufen bedeutsam sein können. In diesem Sinne zielt PriSE darauf ab, junge und erfahrende Forschende, Lehrkräfte sowie weitere potentiell Interessierte zusammenzubringen, um ihre Fragen zu beantworten und um Lösungsvorschläge für eine erfolgreiche Weiterentwicklung der naturwissenschaftlichen Bildung in und außerhalb der Schule zu ermöglichen, MEK inhibitor bewusst über mehrere Länder und Sprachgemeinschaften hinweg. Caro lettore, benvenuto al primo numero dell’edizione speciale Progress in Science Education (PriSE) della rivista Perspectives in Science (PISC). Qual è la ragione che ci spinge a proporre un’ulteriore rivista di educazione scientifica? L’educazione scientifica è un GSK-3 signaling pathway campo di ricerca sia di base sia applicata estremamente dinamico, a cavallo tra interrogativi legati all’evoluzione dell’insegnamento delle scienze nelle

classi e alla formazione degli insegnanti, tra le molteplici e importanti relazioni che la nostra società odierna intrattiene con le scienze e l’educazione, e l’approccio scientifico da adottare in relazione all’insegnamento e all’alfabetizzazione scientifici in tutti i livelli scolastici.

In questo contesto i seguenti obiettivi Nitroxoline e bisogni si rivelano ricorrenti e in parte anche urgenti in molte nazioni: • il supporto e lo sviluppo diretto della generazione dei giovani ricercatori; Non esistono attualmente periodici scientifici che rispondono realmente a questi obiettivi: in particolare per i giovani ricercatori l’intento di pubblicare nei consolidati giornali in lingua inglese si scontra spesso con considerevoli ostacoli (lunghezza del processo di revisione, alta probabilità di rifiuto, ostacolo linguistico). Inoltre, le riviste esistenti – che dovrebbero essere la base per la ricerca cooperativa e lo sviluppo di metodi di insegnamento/apprendimento e di materiali scolastici fondati su ricerche didattiche – sono nella maggior parte dei casi inaccessibili a scuole e insegnanti. A seguito di questa situazione, PriSE propone una nuova piattaforma dinamica che offre la possibilità di pubblicare rapidamente articoli su ricerche di alto livello in quattro differenti lingue (inglese, francese, tedesco, italiano). Grazie alla sua natura multilingue, la rivista faciliterà e stimolerà lo scambio tra differenti nazioni aventi obiettivi e necessità simili nell’educazione scientifica (come descritto sopra), contribuendo così a costituire una vera e reale comunità multiculturale.

Prochloroccus ecotypes are therefore designated on the basis of their physiology and are classically designated as high light clades (HL) I–IV and low light (LL) clades I–IV. HL clades predominate in the upper water column to ~ 50 m depth check details in highly stratified tropical waters ( West et al., 2011 and Johnson et al., 2006) while LL clades will persist down to between 150 and 200 m where they become light limited at ~ 0.1% of surface irradiance. Occasionally the LLI clade has been shown to be relatively abundant in near surface waters, or throughout the photic zone ( Johnson et al., 2006) and may

represent an intermediate ecotype ( Partensky and Garczarek, 2010). Distinct HL clades display temperature related optima in abundance. The HL I clade is adapted to cold temperate waters, while the HL II is dominant in both moderate and warm (sub)tropical waters ( Johnson et al., 2006 and Zinser et al., 2007). Clades HL III and HL IV are generally less abundant, accounting for between 5% and 20% when present, but are confined to warm equatorial waters > 26 °C ( Malmstrom et al., 2013, Rusch et al., 2010 and West et al., 2011). Marine Synechococcus classifications are more complicated than those of the Prochlorococcus, and the ecological strategies this website of the different types are less well characterized. The current status is well documented by recent multi-locus phylogenetic studies by Mazard et al. (2012) and Ahlgren and Rocap (2012). Marine

Synechococcus belong to three “sub clusters” 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3, with 5.1 the dominant sub-cluster in

most systems including coastal and open ocean regions. These sub-clusters are further divided in numerous clades and sub-clades. For example, the dominant marine sub-cluster 5.1 is sub-divided into at least 16 ( Ahlgren and Rocap, 2012) and potentially more than 30 ( Mazard et al., 2012) distinct clades. Synechococcus clades also appear to represent ecotypes specifically adapted to a variety of environmental conditions ( Mazard et al., 2012). For example, clades I and IV predominate in both coastal and open ocean temperate and cold environments ( Zwirglmaier et al., 2008) and may vary seasonally in their relative abundances ( Tai and Palenik, 2009), Clade III is the dominant lineage in tropical Tideglusib and subtropical oceanic gyres ( Zwirglmaier et al., 2008) and Clade II is found predominantly in tropical open ocean environments ( Ferris and Palenik, 1998, Toledo and Palenik, 2003 and Ahlgren and Rocap, 2006). While there is gathering evidence for the ecological partitioning of Synechcococcus lineages, the physiological bases for potential ‘ecotypes’ is not as clearly defined as for Prochlorococcus. However, distinct growth temperature optima ( Pittera et al., 2014), substrate utilization profiles ( Moore et al., 2005), and spectral tuning of light harvesting antennae ( Six et al., 2007) are some adaptations that may contribute to niche partitioning of clades and sub-groups.

Hence, PFT inhibits mitochondrial damage and induction of autophagy-mediated oxidative stress by DHA, resulting in abrogation of DHA-induced cytotoxicity. However, it is uncertain whether the pharmacological mechanisms of PFT on mitochondrial function are fully p53 independent. Further studies are necessary in order to clarify the molecular mechanisms of PFT on DHA-induced cytotoxicity. The authors

declare that they have no conflicts of interest. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (KAKENHI 25460220) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and a Matching Fund Subsidy for Private Universities from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. “
“The author regrets that in the original version of Lumacaftor this paper, the affiliation “g” states ABT-199 molecular weight that Yi-Yun Hung is affiliated with the Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. The correct affiliation “g” is Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,

Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. The author would like to apologies for any inconvenience caused. “
“The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) is the most comprehensive and nationally representative survey that provides information on the general health and lifestyles of Canadians including weight, height, physical fitness, and chronic and infectious disease, and on the concentrations of environmental chemicals and/or their metabolites in blood and urine as biomarkers of exposure (Health Canada, 2010c and Health second Canada, 2013b). Biomarkers of exposure are defined as a chemical, its

metabolite, or the product of an interaction between a chemical and some target molecule or cell that is measured in the human body (NRC, 2006). The latest biomonitoring report released by Health Canada provides population-level data for 91 biomarkers of exposure in Canadians aged 3–79 years collected from 2009 to 2011 (Health Canada, 2013b). Previously, from 2007 and 2009 the CHMS reported on 81 biomarkers of exposure in Canadians aged 6–79 years (Health Canada, 2010c). Additionally, pooled serum samples from CHMS (2007–2009) analyzed for additional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) include data on exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and furans (Rawn et al., 2012 and Rawn et al., 2013). The pooled study provides national estimates for POPs concentrations in the human serum of Canadians by pooling the small volumes of left over serum samples from CHMS cycle 1 collection (2007–2009). Although, our ability to measure increasing number of chemicals at lower detection levels has improved, our interpretation of associated risks to human health is still limited (Haines et al., 2011).

When osteoclasts tunnel through cortical bone they may be less likely to encounter bisphosphonate within the matrix they http://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-809.html engulf so remodeling continues. Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, binds to RANKL and prevents its binding with

RANK receptors on osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors and so inhibits the synthesis, activity, and lifespan of existing osteoclasts [9], [10] and [11]. It is not bound to bone and so is widely distributed throughout the skeleton [12]. It inhibits remodeling and reduces porosity to a greater extent than alendronate in non-human primates [13]. In mice, osteoprotegerin (OPG), the endogenous inhibitor of RANKL, reduces porosity and preserves bone strength more than either alendronate or zoledronic acid [14]. Both cortical and trabecular

bone determine bone strength; 80% of fractures in women over 65 years are non-vertebral [15], 80% of bone is cortical, and 70% of all appendicular bone loss is cortical and occurs mainly by intracortical remodeling [3]. The resulting increase in intracortical Selleckchem BI-2536 porosity reduces bone strength exponentially [3]. We hypothesized that the greater inhibition of remodeling with denosumab in postmenopausal women will result in a greater reduction in porosity than achieved using alendronate, while effects on trabecular bone will not differ. The design and primary results of the study are published [11]. This was a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy study of 247 postmenopausal women aged 61 ± 5 years with lumbar spine or total hip bone mineral density (BMD) T-score between − 2.0 and − 3.0 SD assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Treatments were denosumab 60 mg every 6 months, alendronate 70 mg weekly, or placebo. Of the 247 subjects randomized, 146

had results at month 12 as measured by StrAx1.0 software. Missing data was due to movement artifacts or missing serial measurements. The threshold for exclusion of images due to motion artifact is lower than when measuring other parameters such as density. The exclusion of images because of artifacts Erastin concentration was done blind to treatment allocation. There were no baseline demographic, biochemical, or densitometric differences between subjects with or without available data and the entire cohort. All subjects received calcium (≥ 500 mg/day) and vitamin D supplements based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) at screening. The daily dose was ≥ 400 IU if 25[OH]D was > 20 ng/mL (> 50 nmol/L) or ≥ 800 IU if 25[OH]D was 12 to 20 ng/mL (30 to 50 nmol/L). Women were included if high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT, XtremeCT®) could be performed on at least one wrist.

Two patients underwent a diagnostic ER during the treatment protocol of slightly elevated BE islands in order to avoid having RFA performed on possibly invading cancers (thus not to supplement the efficacy of RFA). Histology of both ER specimens showed only LGIN. No fatal or severe complications occurred. Four patients (15% [95% CI, 4%-35%]) developed complications after ER or RFA, which were graded as moderate. One patient developed delayed bleeding 6 days after ER. This patient received blood transfusion and was treated successfully with endoscopic hemostatic

therapy (adrenaline injection, bipolar probe coagulation, and clip placement). Two patients had unplanned admissions: one patient was admitted for observation after a superficial laceration that showed no transmural leakage on the swallowing contrast examination. However, selleck kinase inhibitor this click here 80-year-old patient became delirious and, as a result, the admission was prolonged; another patient was admitted 3 days after the RFA procedure because of pain, nausea, and vomiting that resolved with conservative treatment. Because both admissions were for >4 days, these complications were graded as moderate. The fourth patient with a moderate complication had a relative stenosis after ER and developed symptoms of dysphagia after RFA, which resolved

after two dilatations. In 7 patients (27% [95% CI, 12%-48%]), a superficial laceration was observed during the circumferential ablation procedure. Six of these superficial lacerations remained asymptomatic, did not require intervention, and were therefore not considered to be complications. However, one patient was admitted for observation (see

previously), because this was the first laceration we observed during our RFA experience. This patient, again, did not experience symptoms attributable to the laceration. Lacerations were located either at the level of the reflux stenosis (n = 4) or at the level of the ER scar (n = 3). In 4 of the 7 patients, the laceration was noted after the first circumferential ablation pass, and the second pass was either therefore not performed (n = 1) or was modified by the use of a balloon with a smaller Thiamet G diameter (n = 1) or by skipping the zone containing the laceration during the second RFA pass (n = 2). All patients were able to continue the RFA according to the protocol 2 to 3 months later. Patients who achieved CR-neoplasia and CR-IM were followed-up for a mean (± SD) duration of 29 ± 9.1 months (21 ± 11.7 months since last treatment session). None of the 20 patients developed neoplasia during follow-up, thus 100% (95% CI, 82%-100%) continued to have CR-neoplasia status. Two patients had small islands of BE during follow-up.

Previously, DEK expression was reported to be 10-fold lower in mature hematopoietic cells as compared to immature CD34 positive cells [6]. Since four studies analyzing DEK expression in leukemia were inconclusive the aim of this study was to characterize DEK expression in a large multi-center cohort of AML cases. As an initial reference, DEK expression was profiled during normal hematopoietic differentiation of the myeloid lineage in both human

and mouse using the Hemaexplorer database [31]. Analysis of DEK expression in primary AML samples was compared to normal bone marrow using both the Microarray Innovations in Leukemia (MILE) study [32] and acute myeloid leukemia dataset (LAML) from Ley et al [33] and mapped back to the normal hematopoietic expression. This was validated and confirmed in independent cohorts of primary AML patient samples at the RNA level by

selleck chemicals qRT-PCR and at the protein level by immunohistochemistry using a newly assembled AML-specific tissue microarray (TMA). Finally, DEK expression was evaluated in relation to overall survival of AML patients and prognostic relevance using the LAML dataset [33]. DEK expression during normal hematopoiesis in both human and murine models was assessed Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Library using the publicly available Hemaexplorer database (http://servers.binf.ku.dk/hemaexplorer) [31], which enabled DEK gene expression levels to be profiled in hematopoietic cells during different maturation stages based on curated microarray data. The data was analyzed using the Partek Genomics Suite v 6.6 (Partek Inc., Missouri, USA) Clomifene and GraphPad Prism 5 (GraphPad, California, USA).

All data was normalized and batch corrected. DEK expression levels in AML compared to normal bone marrow (NBM) were determined using the Affymetrix CEL files generated for the MILE study database GSE13204 [32] and the LAML dataset [33], and analyzed using Partek Genomics Suite v 6.6. ANOVA was carried out on microarray results by comparing DEK expression in NBM controls to leukemia in addition to comparison tests between NBM and specific AML subtypes. Overall patient survival associated with DEK expression was analyzed using the alternative microarray dataset LAML generated as part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; [33]). RNA was extracted and purified from samples of 30 patients with AML (OREC 08/NIR01/9). Synthesis of cDNA was performed using the High-Capacity cDNA reverse transcription (RT) kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol (Applied Biosystems, California, USA). RT was performed using the Veriti Thermal Cycler (Applied Biosystems) at the following conditions: 25 °C for 10 min, 37 °C for 2 h, 85 °C for 5 min and a 4 °C hold period. All qRT-PCR was executed using the SYBR green mastermix (Roche) on the 7900HT Fast Real-time PCR platform (Applied Biosystems) with standard cycling conditions (95 °C for 10 min followed by 40 cycles of 95 °C for 10 s and 60 °C for 30 s).

2a). In the Pre + Post RBCT group the risk of AMR was 13.9 times greater in those patients with DSA than in patients with Non-DSA or No-Antibody (Fig. 2b p = 0.001). Indeed all 13 episodes of AMR in the DSA group occurred exclusively in patients who had received Pre + Post-RBCT. On the other hand, 0/6 patients with Non-DSA and 2/37 in the No-antibody group who had received Pre + Post-RBCT developed AMR. The median time between post-operative UK-371804 purchase transfusion and AMR in the DSA patients was 25 days (IQR 5–761 days). Univariate predictors of AMR were

pre-transplant DSA (HR 6.6 95%CI 2.9–14.7, p < 0.001), DGF (HR 2.6. 1.1–6.1, p = 0.039), re-transplant (HR 3.3 1.3–8.3 p = 0.024) and Pre + Post-RBCT (HR 4.1, 1.6–10.8 p = 0.005) but not females (HR 0.9 0.38–2.1). There was a significant interaction between Pre-RBCT and Post-RBCT (HR 4.4 2.0–9.8 p = 0.001) and between DSA and Post-RBCT (HR 10.6 4.7–23.8 p < 0.0001) on the risk of AMR. In a multivariate Cox model incorporating the above univariate factors and adding interaction terms, only the interaction between DSA KU-60019 mouse and Post-RBCT (HR 7.2, 2.9–18.0, p = 0.001)

remained a significant predictor of AMR. Death-censored graft loss (Fig. 3 and Table 3) and combined patient and graft loss (Table 3) was significantly increased in the Pre + Post-RBCT group (HR 7.1 p < 0.001) compared with all other transfusion groups. This difference persisted even after exclusion of the 37 patients with preformed DSA (HR 4.9 95% Histamine H2 receptor CI 1.5–15.8

p = 0.007 and 3.9 1.7–7.8 p = 0.001 respectively). Neither gender nor retransplant were associated with graft or patient loss. We used significant univariate predictors of graft loss including DGF, HLA antibody (DSA and Non-DSA), AMR and Non-AMR rejection and transfusion history in a multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards model (Table 3). AMR, Non-AMR rejection and Pre + Post RBCT were independently associated with death censored and all cause graft loss. However DGF and DSA were no longer predictive by multivariate analysis. We show that the risk of AMR associated with the presence of DSA at the time of transplant is modulated by exposure to RBCT. In our cohort, AMR was predominantly observed only in sensitised patients with DSA all of whom had received RBCT prior to transplant and were then transfused within the first 30 days (usually 48 h). Pre-transplant DSA and Pre + Post-RBCT were each independent predictors of AMR. However, there was a strong interaction between pre-transplant DSA and Post-RBCT, which eliminated all other predictors (DGF, re-transplant, gender), and conferred a 7.2 fold increase in the risk of AMR. In contrast, patients with DSA who received only Pre-RBCT or Post-RBCT, or who received no transfusion did not experience AMR. Overall, patients with DSA had the highest rate of post-operative transfusion.

1 No reports describing the use of pancreatic EUS TCB in pediatric patients have been found. The aim of our report was to determine the

diagnostic utility and safety of pancreatic EUS TCB in pediatric patients for evaluating possible AIP. In this retrospective study, we reviewed a prospectively maintained EUS database to identify all pediatric patients who underwent EUS TCB at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, for suspicion of AIP. The Institutional Review Board granted study approval, and informed consent was obtained from the patient, parent, or guardian for all procedures. General anesthesia was administered in each patient. A curvilinear echoendoscope (UC140P-AL5; Olympus America, Center Valley, PA, USA) was inserted and TCB specimens (Quick-Core; Wilson-Cook, Winston-Salem, NC, USA) Pexidartinib datasheet were obtained in standard fashion and placed in formalin before submitting BMS-354825 mouse the specimen to pathology.2, 3 and 4 Given the retrospective nature of this report, there was no standardized algorithm for obtaining pancreatic biopsy specimens. However, in keeping with our approach in adults, for a high clinical suspicion of AIP based on either the patient’s clinical presentation or EUS characteristics, TCB specimens were obtained without FNA. We did not the use FNA in this setting given the poor diagnostic sensitivity of FNA, in particular for type 2 AIP. EUS TCB was performed

rather than EUS-guided ProCore given the safety and high diagnostic sensitivity of TCB in our institution and diminutive specimens obtained with the ProCore needle relative to the TCB device. One patient underwent FNA (patient 9) due to concern regarding anticipated difficulty performing TCB. However, the in-room cytopathology

review demonstrated a hypocellular specimen and no evidence of a tissue core sample was found, thereby prompting TCB. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to obtain clinical, imaging, EUS, and pathology data. A dedicated GI pathologist, who was blinded to the clinical data and EUS FNA interpretation reported in the medical record, Chlormezanone re-examined the histologic samples. The final diagnosis was determined by a combination of clinical, outcome, laboratory, and imaging data.5 For AIP, the diagnostic criteria were based on established norms.5, 6, 7 and 8 The pathologists reread the specimens to ensure the accuracy of the initial findings/interpretation and to avoid over-diagnosis as may occur with the use of insufficiently stringent criteria. The official and reread specimens correlated in each patient. All complications were prospectively tracked and logged in the database. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Nine patients (4 boys, mean age 13.6 years, range, 9-18 years) were identified who underwent pancreatic EUS TCB between May 2007 and July 2012.