\n\nMethod: Four hundred and thirty-five projects were analyzed to identify focus areas.

Fellows were asked to identify changes in their schools and communities resulting from their projects.\n\nResults: New education methods and curriculum change were common project focus areas. Regional differences were evident with a higher percentage of education methods projects by Fellows residing in India (52%), compared with South Africa (25%) and Brazil (24%). Fifty-six percent of projects were incorporated into the curriculum and/or incorporated as institutional policy. One-third to two-thirds of respondents noted improved teaching quality, collaboration, education research interest, assessment, student performance, and curriculum alignment with selleck community health needs.\n\nConclusion: National differences in project focus may offer insight into local conditions and needs. High rates of diffusion of projects and impact on faculty, students, and curriculum suggest that faculty development projects may GSK J4 be a strategy for institutional change in resource limited environments.”
“Background: The use of personal computers (PCs) and the Internet to provide health care information and interventions has increased substantially over the past decade. Yet the effectiveness of such an approach is highly dependent upon whether the target population has both access and the skill set

required to use this technology. This is particularly relevant in the delivery of hearing health care because most people with hearing loss are over 50 years (average age for initial hearing aid fitting is 74 years). Although PC skill and Internet use by demographic factors have been examined previously, data do not currently exist that examine the effects of hearing difficulties on PC skill or Internet use in older

adults.\n\nObjective: To explore the effect that hearing difficulty has on PC skill and Internet use in an opportunistic sample of adults aged 50-74 years.\n\nMethods: Postal questionnaires about hearing difficulty, PC skill, and Internet use (n=3629) were distributed to adults aged 50-74 years through three find more family physician practices in Nottingham, United Kingdom. A subsample of 84 respondents completed a second detailed questionnaire on confidence in using a keyboard, mouse, and track pad. Summed scores were termed the “PC confidence index.” The PC confidence index was used to verify the PC skill categories in the postal questionnaire (ie, never used a computer, beginner, and competent).\n\nResults: The postal questionnaire response rate was 36.78% (1298/3529) and 95.15% (1235/1298) of these contained complete information. There was a significant between-category difference for PC skill by PC confidence index (P<.001), thus verifying the three-category PC skill scale.

\n\nConclusion: We describe a safe, minimally invasive method of culturing nasal epithelial cells from neonates suitable for functional cell analysis offering an opportunity to study “naive” cells that may prove useful in elucidating the role of Selleckchem Ruboxistaurin the epithelium in the early origins of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis.”
“In a previous study performed by our group, we demonstrated that the water extract of Cordyceps sinensis (WECS) significantly prevented tumor metastasis from the spleen to the liver, using B16-F0 mouse melanoma cells as a model. In this study, we investigated the anti-metastatic

activity of cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine), one of the components of WECS, using an identical model of mice injected with B16-F0 cells into the spleen. All mice inoculated with B16-F0 cells died due to liver metastases via the portal vein from the spleen. Control mice not administered cordycepin exhibited higher serum Selleck C59 levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) due to damage to the liver by metastasized B16-F0 cells from the

spleen, and survival times ranged from 17 to 22 days after tumor inoculation. Cordycepin was intraperitoneally administered to mice, and resulted in significantly lower serum ALT levels and longer survival times than those observed in control mice. LY294002 PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor Taken together, these results indicate that cordycepin may be the active ingredient in C. sinensis exerting an anti-metastatic effect, and may be a potential candidate anti-metastatic agent.”
“Commercial production of renewable energy feedstocks from microalgae will require reliable and scalable growth systems. Two and one half years of biomass

and lipid productivity data were obtained with an industrial-scale outdoor photobioreactor operated in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA). The annualized volumetric growth rates for Nannochloropsis oculata (CCMP 525) and Nannochloropsis salina (CCMP 1776) were 0.16 g L-1 d(-1) (peak = 0.37 g L-1 d(-1)) and 0.15 g L-1 d(-1) (peak = 0.37 g L-1 d(-1)) respectively. The collective average lipid production was 10.7 m(3) ha(-1) yr(-1) with a peak value of 36.3 m(3) ha(-1) yr(-1). Results from this study are unique based on publication of biomass and corresponding lipid content combined with demonstration of energy savings realized through analysis of gas delivery requirements, water recycling from successive harvests with no effect on productivity, and culture stability through serial batch lineage data and chemotaxonomic analysis of fatty acid contents. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Failing to meet the benchmark of 12 lymph nodes in resection specimens is an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer.

The effects of increasing NO generated by S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP; 10(-7)-10(-3)

mol/L) and of other drugs that may affect the NO/cGMP pathway (proptoporfirin IX and 8-Br-cGMP) on meiosis resumption were investigated in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) matured for 9 Selleck SN-38 hours in a semidefined medium (TCM199 + 3 mg/mL BSA). The COCs matured with 10(-7) mol/L SNAP associated or not with 100 mu mol/L oxadiazole-one quinoxaline, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, also had their cGMP and CAMP levels measured during the first hours of maturation (1, 3, and 6 hours). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the effects of NO on expression of genes encoding for enzymes of the NO/guanylate cyclase/cGMP and CAMP pathways CSF-1R inhibitor during the first 9 hours of oocyte maturation. Increasing NO levels using 10(-7) mol/L SNAP resulted in lower rate of germinal vesicle breakdown (36% germinal vesicle breakdown; P smaller

than 0.05) at 9 hours IVM, whereas control group and the treatments with 10(-9) and 10(-8) mol/L SNAP showed about 70% germinal vesicle breakdown (P bigger than 0.05). A temporary increase in cGMP levels was also observed with the same treatment (4.51 pmol/COC) at 1 hour IVM, which was superior to the control group (2.97 pmol/COC; P smaller than 0.05) and was reversed by inhibiting guanylate cyclase activity with 100 mu mol/L oxadiazole-one quinoxaline. Neither cAMP levels nor gene expression were affected by NO. These results suggest that NO acts via guanylate cyclase/cGMP and that even a temporary increase in cGMP levels leads to a delay in meiosis resumption, even when cAMP levels have declined. Nitric oxide does not act on oocyte maturation by affecting cAMP GSK2126458 in vivo levels or the expression of genes related to the NO/guanylate cyclase/cGMP and cAMP pathways. Also, to our knowledge this is the first report to detect PKG1, PKG2, phosphodiesterase-5A,

ADCY3, ADCY6, and ADCY9 transcripts in bovine oocytes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Vascular complications, including vessel occlusion and hemorrhage, can arise after radiosurgery; however, hemorrhage due to a ruptured de novo aneurysm after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) for tumor is extremely rare. To the authors’ knowledge, only a single case of de novo aneurysm formation after GKS for vestibular schwannoma has been previously reported. In this study, they describe their experience with the treatment of a 74-year-old woman with subarachnoid hemorrhage limited to the cerebellopontine cistern, who had undergone GKS for vestibular schwannoma 5 years earlier. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a left distal anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm; coil embolization was attempted and failed. However. self-resolution of the aneurysm was revealed on follow-up angiography. (DOI: 10.3171/2008.9.

A novel heterozygous PAX6 mutation in exon 5 (c. 475_491del17, p. Arg38ProfsX12) was identified, which was

predicted to generate a frameshift and create a premature termination codon. This mutation co-segregated with the affected individuals in the family and did not exist in unaffected family members and 100 unrelated normal controls.\n\nConclusions: A novel deletion mutation in the PAX6 gene was identified in a Chinese family with aniridia and congenital cataract. Our study expands the mutation spectrum of PAX6.”
“Endocannabinoids and their G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are a current research focus in the area of obesity due to the system’s role in food intake and click here glucose and lipid metabolism. Importantly, overweight and obese individuals often have higher circulating levels of the arachidonic acid-derived endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and an altered pattern of receptor expression. Consequently, this leads to an increase in orexigenic stimuli, changes in fatty acid synthesis, insulin sensitivity, and glucose utilisation, with preferential energy storage in adipose tissue. As endocannabinoids are products of dietary fats, modification of dietary intake may modulate their levels, with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid based buy Vactosertib endocannabinoids being able to displace arachidonic acid from cell membranes, reducing AEA and 2-AG production. Similarly, oleoyl

ethanolamide, a product of oleic acid, induces satiety, decreases circulating fatty BLZ945 solubility dmso acid concentrations, increases the capacity for beta-oxidation, and is capable of inhibiting the action of AEA and 2-AG in

adipose tissue. Thus, understanding how dietary fats alter endocannabinoid system activity is a pertinent area of research due to public health messages promoting a shift towards plant derived fats, which are rich sources of AEA and 2-AG precursor fatty acids, possibly encouraging excessive energy intake and weight gain.”
“Owing to Mossbauer spectroscopy, an advanced characterization technique for iron-containing materials, the present study reveals previously unknown possibilities using l-amino acids for the generation of magnetic particles. Based on our results, a simple choice of the order of l-amino acids addition into a reaction mixture containing ferrous ions leads to either superparamagnetic ferric oxide/oxyhydroxide particles, or magnetically strong Fe-0-Fe2O3/FeOOH core-shell particles after chemical reduction. Conversely, when ferric salts are employed with the addition of selected l-amino acids, only Fe-0-Fe2O3/FeOOH core-shell particles are observed, regardless of the addition order. We explain this phenomenon by a specific transient/intermediate complex formation between Fe2+ and l-glutamic acid. This type of complexation prevents ferrous ions from spontaneous oxidation in solutions with full air access.

3.7 and FORMRULES, Intelligensys Ltd). Two sustained release formulations and innovator product were selected and their effectiveness was compared by in vivo tests in rabbits. In conclusion, proposed controlled release formulations were found to be an alternative and to be more effective for longer periods than the commercial one.”
“Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) and Sm-Ba-Cu-O thin films have

been used for the first time Selleck GSK3326595 as heterogeneous seeds to multiseed successfully the melt growth of bulk YBCO in a multiseeded melt growth process. The use of thin film seeds, which may be prepared with, highly controlled orientation (i.e., with a well-defined a-b plane and precisely known a-direction), is based on their superheating properties and reduces significantly contamination of the bulk sample by the seed material. A variety of grain boundaries were obtained by varying the angle between the seeds. Microstructural studies indicate that the extent find more of residual melt deposited at the grain boundary decreases with increasing grain boundary contact angle. It is established that the growth front proceeds continuously at the (110)/(110) grain boundary without trapping liquid, which leads to the formation of a clean grain boundary. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi :10.1063/1.3465301]“
“To be a part of the therapy in the patients’ surroundings, nurses need to know about patient’s behaviors, needs, feelings, and ways to define these behaviors.

However, to obtain information on patient, nurses particularly need

to be aware of themselves and understand the effects they have on their surroundings. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of self awareness education on the self efficacy and sociotropy autonomy characteristics of nurses in a psychiatric inpatient clinic at Zagazig University Hospitals. The sample was composed of 19 nurses who on the job. Three tools were used for data collection: nurses BLZ945 inhibitor characteristics data form, self efficacy scale, and sociotropy autonomy scale. The study result indicated that the psychiatric nurses self efficacy was improved at post educational program, a significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test mean scores for the total nurses autonomy and total nurses sociotropy (P<0.05). However the mean score of total Sociotropy autonomy didn’t differ significantly at pre and post educational program (P=0.488), and a highly significant correlation was present between total of self efficacy and total of sociotropy autonomy at pre and post educational program (P<0.05). It was concluded that self awareness education program had a positive effect on the development of self efficacy and sociotropy autonomy characteristics of nurses in a psychiatric clinic. It is recommended that, self awareness education should be applied as continuing education for nurses working in psychiatry clinics and further studies should be carried out with bigger and different sample groups, along with control groups. [Hanem A.

The MIT activity of stretched cells did not change at 24 hours, whereas a significant decrease was noted at 48 hours in comparison to the unstretched controls. The flow cytometry showed that mechanical stretching induced S-phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, exposure

to mechanical stretching led to apoptotic cell death, as shown by the increase in the hypodiploid sub-G(0)/G(1) cell population. Furthermore, a decreased cdc25C mRNA level was consistently noted in stretched cells. However, the mRNA expressions of Bcl2, Bax, cdc2, and cyclin B1 genes were not significantly altered compared to the unstretched control cells. Conclusion: High-level mechanical stretching induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in osteoblastic cells. The results suggest that heavy tensional force Staurosporine solubility dmso is a negative regulator of osteoblastic activities and should, therefore, be minimized if bone formation is attempted during orthodontic/orthopedic treatment. Copyright (C) 2012, Elsevier Taiwan LLC & Formosan Medical Association. All rights reserved.”
“Background. The

introduction of preoperative check details mapping by navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) and intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) by motor-evoked potentials (MEP) allows the localization of the motor cortex and surveillance of the integrity of the motor system during metastases resection. Objective. This article provides an overview on recent techniques for multimodal functional mapping and monitoring of the motor system for surgical resection of metastases located in eloquent motor areas of the brain. Material and methods. The current literature was reviewed with regard to data on nTMS and IONM and key publications are described. Personal cases of the authors are used for better illustration and to increase the comprehensiveness of the topic. Results. In several studies nTMS was proven to show a good correlation with intraoperative direct cortical stimulation as the gold standard. Concerning IONM by MEPs there are recent data which show that MEP changes correlate well with postoperative motor deficits. Conclusion. For nTMS as well as for IONM there

are sufficient data to justify their routine use in a multimodal setup for the resection of metastases located in eloquent motor areas of the brain.”
“Commercially available methylphenidate LOXO-101 (MPH) exists as a racemic mixture composed of the d- and l-threo enantiomers. Various pharmacokinetic studies of MPH have shown a greater pharmacological potency of the d-threo enantiomer. Furthermore, it was deduced that the stereoselective cleavage of MPH to produce ritalinic acid (RA) by human carboxylesterase results in a higher oral bioavailability of the d-threo enantiomer. As a requirement for pharmaceutical regulation authorities, efforts have been made to determine the differential biological distribution of d- and l-threo MPH and RA enantiomers.

(C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The local shear rate generated in a cylindrical tank equipped with a Rushton turbine was investigated using particle image velocimetry in a shear-thinning fluid (Carbopol). This non-Newtonian fluid was used in an attempt to mimic fermentation broths. Three Reynolds numbers corresponding to the transition regime were investigated. The hydrodynamics is analyzed, and the velocity field is decomposed by proper orthogonal decomposition Adriamycin price into mean flow, organized motion, and turbulence. Then, the contributions of each flow structure to the total dissipation

of kinetic energy are presented. The spatial heterogeneity of shear rate is discussed and a new expression is proposed for shear rate. This work shows that the local shear rate is highly heterogeneous

in a tank. Future works will need to focus on other types of stirrer and investigate the effect of scaling up reactors on the shear rate heterogeneity. (c) 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 22512266, 2013″
“By transporting one DNA double helix (T-segment) through a double-strand break in CA4P datasheet another (G-segment), topoisomerase II reduces fractions of DNA catenanes, knots and supercoils to below equilibrium values. How DNA segments are selected to simplify the equilibrium DNA topology is enigmatic, and the biological relevance of this activity is unclear. Here we examined the transit of the T-segment across the three gates of topoisomerase II (entry N-gate, DNA-gate and exit C-gate). Our experimental results uncovered that DNA transport probability is determined not only during the capture of a T-segment at the N-gate. When a captured T-segment has crossed the DNA-gate, it can backtrack to the N-gate instead of exiting by the C-gate. When such backtracking is precluded by locking the N-gate or by removing the C-gate, topoisomerase II no longer simplifies equilibrium DNA topology. Therefore, we conclude that the C-gate enables a post-DNA passage Selleck MDV3100 proofreading mechanism, which challenges the release

of passed T-segments to either complete or cancel DNA transport. This proofreading activity not only clarifies how type-IIA topoisomerases simplify the equilibrium topology of DNA in free solution, but it may explain also why these enzymes are able to solve the topological constraints of intracellular DNA without randomly entangling adjacent chromosomal regions.”
“The peptide amphiphile (PA) with a laminin epitope IKVAV (IKVAV-PA) can be trigged into three-dimensional nanostructures in vivo. Application of IKVAV-PA to the injured spinal cord resulted in significant functional improvement in rodents with remarkable axonal regeneration at the lesion site. Here we showed that injection of IKVAV-PA into the hippocampus of a transgenic (Tg) mice model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) significantly improved cognitive impairment, accompanied by an enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampus.

Properties of carbohydrate reserves differed between forbs and graminoids but no difference was found between plants storing starch versus

osmotically active carbohydrates. Graminoids had lower carbohydrate concentrations than forbs. We observed a positive effect of NU7441 solubility dmso mowing on carbohydrate concentrations of graminoids in the dry, calcium-rich meadow and higher seasonal fluctuations of these values in the acid, wet meadow, suggesting that local factors and/or the species pool affect carbohydrate reserves. Despite local conditions, graminoids represent a distinct functional group in meadows from the point of view of their storage economy. We suggest that as well as growth, storage processes should also be considered for understanding the functioning of meadow plant communities.”
“The experiment was conducted to determine the feed intake and body weight (BW) change of Boer goats supplemented with a commercial concentrate pellet

and combinations of concentrate and soya waste. Twelve male goats were divided into three groups. Each group was randomly allocated to each of the three treatment diets: Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ad libitum and concentrate pellet at rate of 2.0% of BW, daily (T1); Napier grass ad libitum and concentrate pellet at rate of 1.4% of BW and soya waste at rate of 0.5% of BW, daily (T2) and Napier grass ad libitum and concentrate pellet at rate of 0.9% of BW https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sn-38.html and soya waste at rate of 0.5% of BW, daily (T3). The results indicated that selleckchem supplementation of concentrate pellet together with soya waste (T2 or T3) significantly (p smaller than 0.05) decreased intakes of grass dry matter (DM), total DM and total crude protein compared to the solely concentrate pellet group (T1). However, BW gain was significantly (p smaller than 0.05) higher in T2 treatment compared with the T1 or T3 treatments.

Supplementation of concentrate pellet with soya waste (T2 or T3) significantly (p smaller than 0.05) improved the feed conversion efficiency and reduced the feed cost of goats compared with solely concentrate pellet group (T1). The results indicated that grass intake and feed cost can be reduced by replacing concentrate pellet with soya waste in the diet of goats where soya waste is available.”
“Background: Antiretroviral safety and efficacy and may differ in older versus younger HIV-infected patients. The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in older HIV-infected subjects ( bigger than 60 years) switching combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to a raltegravir (RAL) containing regimen. Methods: Nineteen HIV-infected patients over 60 years of age on effective cART (HIV-RNA smaller than 50 copies/ml) were enrolled in this prospective 24-week study. On day 1, patients switched to tenofovir/emtricitabine (245/200 mg once daily) and RAL (400 mg twice daily).

Objective: to undertake an economic evaluation of Australian support for the expansion of basic Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course in the PNG border area of the South Fly from the current level of 14% coverage. Methods: BMS-754807 nmr Both cost utility analysis and cost-benefit analysis were applied to models that allow for population movement across regions with different characteristics of tuberculosis burden, transmission,

and access to treatment. Cost benefit data were drawn primarily from estimates published by the World Health Organization, and disease transmission data were drawn from a previously published model. Results: Investing $16 million to increase basic Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course coverage in the South Fly generates a net present value of roughly $74 million for Australia (discounted 2005 dollars). The cost per disabilityadjusted Quisinostat life-year

averted and quality-adjusted life-year saved for PNG is $7 and $4.6, respectively. Conclusions: Where regions with major disparities in tuberculosis burden and health system resourcing are connected through population movements, investments in tuberculosis control are of mutual benefit, resulting in net health and economic gains on both sides of the border. These findings are likely to inform the case for appropriate investment in tuberculosis control globally.”
“Motivation: With rapidly increasing volumes of biological sequence data the functional analysis of new sequences in terms of similarities to known protein families challenges classical bioinformatics. Results: The ultrafast protein classification (UProC) toolbox implements a novel algorithm Tipifarnib price (‘Mosaic Matching’) for large-scale sequence analysis. UProC is by three orders of magnitude faster than profile-based methods and in a metagenome simulation study achieved up to 80% higher sensitivity on unassembled

100 bp reads.”
“The requirement of a metalloprotease, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) for the growth of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells has been demonstrated in vitro. However, whether this metalloprotease is responsible for vascular remodeling in vivo remains unanswered. Rat carotid arteries were analyzed 2 weeks after a balloon angioplasty. The neointimal cells were strongly positive for ADAM17 immunostaining. Marked inhibition of intimal hyperplasia was observed in a dominant-negative ADAM17 adenovirus-treated carotid artery. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor-positive cells in the neointima were reduced by dominant-negative ADAM17 as well. In contrast, the neointima formation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, and phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor-positive cells were markedly enhanced by wild-type ADAM17 adenovirus.

Copyright (C) 2011 American Society for Radiation Oncology. Published by Elsevier Inc.”
“Background: Liver surgery in patients with underlying liver disease results in higher mortality and morbidity rates compared to patients without underlying liver disease. Laparoscopy seems to have good results in patients with normal liver in terms of postoperative outcomes, but is more challenging in

cirrhotic patients.\n\nAim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic liver resection both in normal and cirrhotic livers, and secondary endpoint was to compare the surgical results.\n\nMethods: We retrospectively evaluated 105 patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection between November 2001 and January 2012. Candidates for laparoscopic liver resection were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of an underlying liver disease.\n\nResults: 105 patients (52.4% males,

median age 56.1 years) were AZD0530 in vitro enrolled, and 37.1% Stattic in vivo had liver cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis (89.7%) and liver metastases (57.6%) were the main indications for surgery in patients with cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic livers, respectively. None of the patients died post-operatively. Cirrhotic patients had greater blood loss (100 vs 50 ml; p < 0.012) and longer hospital stays (6 vs 4 days; p < 0.031) compared to non-cirrhotics.\n\nConclusions: Laparoscopic liver resections are safe and feasible procedures Napabucasin clinical trial in both patients with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic livers. (C) 2013 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective. Tuberculosis (TB) in patients with or without advanced HIV infection may present as smear-negative, extrapulmonary and/or disseminated forms. We studied the role of pericardial and abdominal ultrasound examinations in the determination of extrapulmonary or disseminated TB.\n\nMethods. A prospective descriptive and analytic cross-sectional study design was used to determine the ultrasound findings of value in patients with subsequently proven TB. Ultrasound examinations were

performed on 300 patients admitted to G F Jooste Hospital with suspected extrapulmonary or disseminated TB.\n\nOutcome measures. The presence of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy (location, size and appearance), ascites, pleural effusions, pericardial effusions and/or splenic micro-abscesses was noted. Clinical findings, microbiological and serological data were also recorded, correlated and analysed.\n\nResults. Complete data sets were available for 267 patients; 91.0% were HIV positive, and 70.0% had World Health Organization clinical stage 4 disease. Active TB (determined by smear or culture) was present in 170 cases (63.7%). Ultrasonically visible abdominal lymphadenopathy over 1 cm in minimum diameter correlated with active TB in 55.3% of cases (odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 – 4.