28 However, treatment with anti-TLT-2 (MIH49) mAb as well as anti-B7-H3 mAb at both sensitization and challenge of hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity efficiently inhibits ear swelling.28 We therefore examined the effects of anti-B7-H3 (MIH35) or anti-TLT-2 (MIH49) mAb treatment on the growth

of parental and B7-H3-transduced SCCVII tumours. Treatment selleck with anti-B7-H3 mAb significantly enhanced (P = 0·0005) tumour growth of parental SCCVII, but similar treatment with anti-B7-H3 mAb did not alter the reduced tumour growth induced by B7-H3 transduction (Fig. 5b). Similar to treatment with anti-B7-H3 mAb, anti-TLT-2 mAb treatment also enhanced SCCVII tumour growth (Fig. 5c), suggesting the involvement of the B7-H3–TLT-2 pathway in parental SCCVII tumour-mediated immunity. Treatment with anti-TLT-2 mAb in B7-H3/SCCVII-inoculated mice did not reverse the eradication of tumour induced by B7-H3 transduction. It is unlikely that the administration of anti-TLT-2 mAb depleted the TLT-2-expressing target cells, because no differences were observed in the ratios of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, CD45RB+ B cells, CD11b+ macrophages and CD11c+ dendritic cells (data not shown). Similar results were obtained by the treatment with either anti-B7-H3 or www.selleckchem.com/products/nivolumab.html anti-TLT-2 mAb in B7-H3/EL-4

or B7-H3/P815 tumour cell inoculation (data not shown). If the B7-H3–TLT-2 pathway is involved in anti-tumour immunity, T cells in tumour-bearing mice should express the TLT-2 counterpart receptor. We examined TLT-2 expression on T cells in regional lymph nodes (RLNs) and TIL 7 days after BCKDHB either parental SCCVII

or B7-H3/SCCVII tumour inoculation. In intact LNs, TLT-2 was preferentially expressed on CD8+ T cells, but not on CD4+ T cells, and the expression levels on CD8+ T cells were not changed in the RLNs of both types of tumour-inoculated mice (Fig. 6a, left panels). Histological analyses of the tumour-inoculated tissues showed more abundant lymphocyte infiltration in the periphery of and inside the B7-H3/SCCVII tumour mass compared with the parental SCCVII-inoculated tissues (Fig. 7). In flow cytometric analyses, TIL from parental SCCVII-inoculated sites consistently expressed TLT-2. Surprisingly, in the TIL from B7-H3/SCCVII tumour-inoculated sites, only a sub-population of CD8+ TIL expressed TLT-2, and the residual population did not express TLT-2. TLT-2− CD8+ TIL revealed a larger cell size, as assessed by forward scatter on flow cytometry, than TLT-2+ CD8+ TIL (data not shown). To investigate whether the down-regulation of TLT-2 was induced after activation, the levels of TLT-2 expression in CD8+ T cells stimulated with B7-H3+ tumour cells were compared between CD69+, CD69–, CD25+ and CD25– fractions. TLT-2 expression in the CD69+ CD8+ TIL fraction was lower than that in the CD69– fraction (Fig. 6b), In addition, OT-I CD8+ T cells cultured with B7-H3/E.