3a). As a control experiment, 50 nM of the full-length intergenic DNA was mixed with 50, 250, and buy Atezolizumab 500 nM MexT and the mixture was subjected to nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the electrophoretic mobility of the DNA fragment was clearly shifted toward a high molecular mass in the presence of 500 nM MexT (Fig. 3b, lane 4). In the next experiments, the intergenic DNA fragments used for the reporter assay in Fig. 2b were mixed with 500 nM MexT. The fragments containing the area between the mexT-proximal 115-bp and mexE-proximal 27-bp regions showed clear interaction with MexT (Fig. 3c). However, the DNA fragments lacking the mexT-proximal 151- or 170-bp region lost the MexT-binding capability.

In addition, the fragment (Ep82) lacking the mexE-proximal 105-bp region also showed nonfunctional interaction with MexT. These results are fully consistent with the reporter assay shown in Fig. 2b. On one hand, fragment Ep42 differs from Ep62 only in that it contains the regions between mexT-proximal 171 bp and the mexE-proximal 203 bp, and INK128 drives fusion expression. Interestingly, both fragments Ep42 and Ep62 interacted with MexT. It should be noted that this region would

contain the binding site of RNA polymerase. Therefore, we determined the transcriptional initiation site of the mexEF-oprN operon using the 5′ RACE method and a sequence analysis. The transcriptional initiation site was found to be located 30 bp upstream of the first nucleotide of the mexE codon (Fig. 2a). This result suggested that the promoter of the mexE gene was located in-between the MexT-proximal 150- and 190-bp regions, consistent with the generally accepted site −10 to −50 bp from the transcriptional initiation site. However, we Montelukast Sodium could not find the major sigma factor recognition consensus sequence in this region. The MexT protein shows a high degree of similarity with NodD, first found in Azorhizobium species and belonging to the LysR family transcriptional regulators (Goethals et al., 1992). The NodD protein binds with

a nod box having the nucleotide sequence ATC-N9-GAT (Goethals et al., 1992). An earlier study found that mexT-mexE intergenic DNA contains two nod boxes at the mexT-proximal 129–143 and 151–165-bp regions (Köhler et al., 1999) (Fig. 2). In silico and microarray analyses suggested the presence of the ATCA(N5)GTCGAT(N4)ACYAT sequence upstream of MexT-upregulated genes (Tian et al., 2009). This assumption prompted us to investigate the importance of these sequences in the expression of mexEF-oprN. We first introduced a site-directed mutation into the nod box, either T130G, A142T, T152G, or A164T, and carried out the mexE∷lacZ reporter assay. As shown in Fig. 4, none of the mutants exhibited the MexE protein, implying that the presence of these nod boxes is essential for mexEF-oprN expression. The gel-shift assay showed that both the T130G and A142T mutant DNA lost the MexT-binding activity.