5 g of KA mixed with 3.5 g of dextrose once per day and 8 capsules containing 5 g of dextrose three times per day during the initial 7-day loading period. Thereafter, participants in the KA-L group ingested 8 capsules per day containing 1.5 g/d of KA mixed with 3.5 g of dextrose for 21-days. Participants were instructed to ingest supplements at 8:00 am, 12:00 pm, 4:00 pm, and 8:00 pm during the initial 7-day supplementation period and at

8:00 am during the maintenance phase. Supplementation compliance was monitored by having the subjects return empty containers of the supplements at the end of each week. selleck chemicals llc In addition, subject’s compliance was verified by administering and collecting weekly questionnaires.

After completing the compliance procedures, the subjects were given the required supplements Selleckchem GSK2118436 for the next week. Table 2 Supplement Certificate of Analysis Results Group Entity Weight (g) Fill Weight (g) Moisture (%) Creatine Monohydrate (%) Total Creatine Monohydrate (g/per 8 capsules) Creatinine (ppm) KA-L 0.7609 0.6375 8.2 30.6 1.56 <5,000 KA-H 0.7566 0.6358 8.8 102.0 5.19 <5,000 CrM 0.8171 0.6975 9.4 92.4 5.16 <5,000 Samples analyzed by Covance Laboratory Inc. (Madison, WI). Sample size was eight capsules. Procedures Diet and training analysis Participants were instructed to maintain their current dietary habits and to keep detailed dietary records. Prior to each testing session subjects completed a dietary record that included 3 weekdays and 1 weekend day. Dietary inventories were reviewed by a registered dietitian and analyzed for average energy and macronutrient intake using the Food Processor Nutrition Analysis Software Version 9.1.0 (ESHA Nutrition Research, Salem, OR). Participants were also instructed to maintain their current training

regimen and record the type and number of sets and repetitions performed on training logs. Training Chloroambucil volume was calculated by multiplying the amount of weight lifted times the number of repetitions performed for each set performed. Total training volume during the study was analyzed by summing all lifts (upper and lower body) to determine if there were any differences among groups. Body composition Body composition testing occurred on day 0, 7 and 28 of the study. Height and weight were recorded to the nearest 0.02 kg and 0.01 cm, respectively, using a self-calibrating digital scale (Cardinal Detecto Scale Model 8430, Webb City, 4SC-202 Missouri). Body composition was determined using a Hologic Discovery W QDR series DEXA system (Hologic Inc., Waltham, MA) equipped with APEX software (APEX Corporation Software version 12.1, Pittsburgh, PA). Quality control calibration procedures were performed on a spine phantom (Hologic-X-CLAIBER Model DPA/QDR-1 anthropometric spine phantom) and a density step calibration phantom prior to each testing session.