5×106 DCs. Thirty days after EAE-induction, spleens were removed for restimulation and seeded out as triplicates of 4×105 cells 5-Fluoracil ic50 per well in a flat-bottomed 96-well plate (Greiner) in the presence of graded concentrations of MOG35–55 peptide. After 72 h of restimulation, supernatant was harvested and analyzed for

its cytokine content by ELISA. BALB/C mice were sensitized by i.p. injections of 10 μg OVA protein (Hyglos) mixed in aluminum hydroxide at days 0 and 14 of asthma induction. Mice treated as negative controls received injections of aluminum hydroxide only. DCs were injected at day −7, −5, and −3 before asthma induction in the tail-vein of mice and for a total of 2–2.5×106 cells. Then, mice were challenged by intranasal administrations of 100 μg OVA protein in 50 μL PBS at days 22, 23, and 24 of asthma induction. Six days after the last OVA challenge, mice were lethally anesthetized followed by bleeding of the axillary veins for serum immunoglobulin analysis. Blood was coagulated for 2 h at room temperature and centrifuged on 3000×g for 5 min to recover the serum. Circulating H 89 OVA-specific IgG subclasses were determined by ELISA. For this, 96-well plates (♯353279; BD) were coated overnight at 4°C with OVA protein (Sigma; 100 μg/mL) in 0.1 M NaHCO3 coating buffer. Sera were loaded as serial dilutions in 1% FCS in PBS. OVA-bound

Abs in the sera were detected by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated mouse heavy chain-specific Abs: anti-mouse IgG1-HRP (Serotec), or IgE-biotin and streptavidin-HRP (BD) followed by the substrate tetramethylbenzidine (BD). Absorbance was detected using an ELISA microplate reader (Vmax; Molecular Devices). Serum titers were calculated from the serial dilution, which was 1.5-fold increased compared with baseline (optical density

of negative control mice). BAL was performed by flushing the lungs through an opening in the trachea with PBS from a Ribonucleotide reductase syringe. Differential cell count of the BAL was determined by recording total cell amount and spinning cells on microscope glass slides using a Cytospin Universal centrifuge (Hettich, Germany). Cytospins were stained with hematoxylin-eosin solution (Diff-Quick staining set; Medion Diagnostic) and cells were classified using standard morphologic criteria. Data are represented as mean data±SD. Statistical significance was analyzed with GraphPad Prism software using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-testing and significance accepted if p<0.05. Data of EAE and asthma experiments were validated using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-test and considered as significant if p<0.05. This work was supported by the German Research Council (DFG) through the Sonderforschungsbereich SFB581, International Research Training Grant IRTG1522 and the Transregio Collaborative Research Centre TR52. The authors thank A. Gessner for providing the C3H/HeJ and TLR4/MyD88−/− mice.