Although we did not investigate why the patients had these beliefs, we can hypothesize that patients expect to be screened for diseases ‘appropriate’ for their age. It is concerning

that, of patients who incorrectly believed that they had been tested for HIV, almost all (96%) assumed that no result communication meant a negative test. This finding has several implications. Individuals may be falsely reassured that all is well, and so would not alter potentially high-risk behaviour, and may be less likely to volunteer for a subsequent test, believing it unnecessary, both these factors potentially contributing to delayed MI-503 cost HIV diagnoses. Over 80% of patients stated that they would agree in principle to routine preoperative HIV testing. Such screening may be beneficial in young,

otherwise fit patients, for whom an elective orthopaedic procedure may be the only medical contact they have over a prolonged period, and in patients who do not perceive themselves to be at risk, notably, those in older age groups [10]. Our observation that patients older than 50 years were less likely to believe Selleck GSK3 inhibitor that they had been tested for HIV and less likely to accept routine preoperative testing than younger patients goes tuclazepam against emerging trends in HIV epidemiology. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the number of adults aged 50 years and older with diagnosed HIV infection has more than tripled

between 2000 and 2007, and rates of late presentation are high (48%) [11]. Often patients have consulted several medical practitioners prior to their HIV diagnosis, suggesting that earlier diagnosis could, and should, have been possible [12]. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining patient understanding of preoperative blood tests in the context of HIV screening and patient acceptance of HIV testing prior to surgery. We found one study examining HIV screening in the orthopaedic setting [13], conducted before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, where the emphasis was on surgeon safety rather than patient well-being. Another strength of our study is that we compared patient attitudes towards preoperative HIV screening with those for other chronic conditions. It is interesting that attitudes towards routine HIV testing and screening for diabetes or high cholesterol among our patients did not differ significantly, when many doctors and public health policy-makers still regard HIV testing as very different from testing glucose or cholesterol [14].