Among all the microorganisms isolated in both intraoperative and subsequent samples from peritoneal fluid, there were 94 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, comprising 5.1% of all identified bacteria isolates. The 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa

strains resistant to Carbapenems were also obtained from nosocomial infections. Among all the aerobic gram-positive bacteria identified in the intraoperative samples, Enterococci (E. faecalis and E. faecium) were the most prevalent, representing 15.9% of all aerobic isolates, and were identified in 211 cases. Although Enterococci were also present in LY2109761 chemical structure community-acquired infections, they were more prevalent in healthcare-associated infections (31.7%: 67/211). Among all the microorganisms isolated in both intraoperative and subsequent samples from peritoneal fluid LY3023414 supplier selleck chemicals Enterococci were 237/1826 (12.9%). 11 glycopeptide-resistant Enterococci were identified; 5 were glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates and 6 were glycopeptide-resistant

Enterococcus faecium isolates. Tests for anaerobes were conducted for 486 patients. Identified anaerobic bacteria from intra-operative specimens are reported in Table 8. Table 8 Anaerobic bacteria identified from intra-operative peritoneal fluid Anaerobes 133 Bacteroides 100 (75%) (Bacteroides resistant to Metronidazole) 3 (1.5%) Clostridium 11 (8.2%) Others 22 (16.5%) Among all the microorganisms isolated in both intraoperative and subsequent samples from peritoneal fluid, 141 anaerobes were observed. The most frequently identified anaerobic pathogen was Bacteroides. 108 Bacteroides isolates were observed during the course of the study. In Table 9 are illustrated Candida spp. isolated in intra-operative specimens. Table 9 Candida isolates identified from intra-operative peritoneal fluid Candida spp. 94 Candida albicans 73 (78.7%) (Candida albicans resistant to Fluconazole) 2 (2.1%) Non-albicans Candida 21 (19.1%) (non-albicans

Candida resistant to Fluconazole) 3 (3.2%) Among all the microorganisms isolated in both intraoperative and subsequent samples from peritoneal fluid, 117 Candida MYO10 isolates were collectively identified (6%). 90 were Candida albicans and 27 were non-albicans Candida. Outcome The overall mortality rate was 10.5% (199/1898). 565 patients (29.8%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the early recovery phase immediately following surgery. 223 patients (11.7%) ultimately required additional surgeries. 62 (11.3%) of these patients underwent open abdominal procedures. In the immediate post-operative clinical period 269 patients were critically ill (132 with septic shock, 137 with severe sepsis). According to univariate statistical analysis of the data (Table 10), septic shock (OR = 14.9; 95%CI = 9.3-26.7; p < 0.0001) and severe sepsis (OR = 4.2; 95%CI = 2.8-6.3; p < 0.0001) upon hospital admission were both predictive of patient mortality.