As a result, degradation can be engineered through the variation of the composition and structure of the material. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

J Appl Polym Sci 112:1538-1545, 2009″
“The ablation depth in planar Sn targets irradiated with a pulsed 1064 nm laser was investigated over laser intensities from 3×10(11) to 2×10(12) W/cm(2). The ablation depth was measured by irradiating a thin layer of Sn evaporated onto a Si wafer, and looking for signatures of Si ions in the expanding plasma with spectroscopic and particle diagnostics. Nepicastat It was found that ablation depth scales with laser intensity to the (5/9)th power, which is consistent with analytical models of steady-state laser ablation, as well as empirical formulae from previous studies of mass ablation rate in overlapping parameter space. In addition, the scaling of mass ablation rate with atomic number of the target as given by empirical formulae in previous studies using targets such as C and Al, are shown to remain valid for the higher atomic number of the target (Z=50) used in these experiments.”
“During the production of high impact polystyrene the rubber particle

formation process is very important to control the final physical property balance. Besides the rubber viscosity, the presence of a copolymer to reduce the interfacial tension between the rubber and polystyrene phase is central. Such a copolymer can be added or can be made during the polymerization. In this study, it learn more was attempted to create a block rubber in situ using ultrasound. Polybutadiene dissolved in styrene has been sonicated to create

macroradicals. It was anticipated that these macroradicals would initiate the polymerization of styrene thus generating a poly(butadiene-block-styrene) acting as emulsifier during the production of high impact polystyrene. No evidence was found for the SNS-032 formation of a block copolymer but the higher reactivity and the resulting rubber particles indicate that besides rubber molecular weight reduction extra functionality was introduced on the rubber. No attempts were made to define the nature of the functionality. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 112: 1546-1551, 2009″
“Time-resolved optical emission analysis was carried out for the plasma plume, produced by high-power tunable IR CO2 pulsed laser ablation of graphite, at lambda=10.591 mu m and in a regime of relatively high laser fluences (123-402 J/cm(2)). Wavelength-dispersed spectra of the plasma plume, at medium-vacuum conditions (4 Pa) and at 9.0 mm from the target, show ionized species (C+, C2+, C3+, C4+, N-2+ , N+, and O+), neutral atoms (C, H, N, and O), and neutral diatomic molecules (C-2, CN, OH, CH, and N-2). In this work, we focus our attention on the temporal evolution of different atomic/ionic and molecular species over a broad spectral range from 190 to 1000 nm.