[doi:10.1063/1.3653825]“
“A series of poly(styrene-co-methacryloxyethylhexadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide), P(St-DMHB), cationic particles were prepared see more by emulsion polymerization using 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride as the initiator with different levels of DMHB as the cationic functional comonomer. ? potential, particle size, and size distribution of the particles were determined. Large discrepancy was observed between the particle size from dynamic light scattering and that from transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that

particle size and ? potentials were closely dependant on DMHB level used. A flocculation process for the cationic latex was established, and a method to estimate DMHB conversion was proposed. (C) 2011 Wiley VX770 Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“To determine genotypes of avian influenza virus circulating among wild birds in South America, we collected and tested environmental fecal samples from birds along the coast of Peru, June 2006-December 2007. The 9 isolates recovered represented 4 low-pathogenicity avian influenza strains: subtypes H3N8, H4N5, H10N9, and H13N2.”
“Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) structures of M/Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi-2212) bulk single crystal/Pt (M = Al, Pt) were prepared and their memory characteristics and superconducting properties were evaluated. The resistance change effect developed

only in the Al/Bi-2212/Pt structure and was enhanced with decreasing critical temperature by annealing in Ar atmosphere. Due to the large resistance anisotropy of bulk Bi-2212 single crystals, the resistance change effect was confirmed find more to occur at the interface between the Al electrode and the Bi-2212 single crystal. These results indicate that introduction of an oxygen-depleted layer to the Bi-2212

single crystal is required to develop the resistance change effect, which could be achieved by the deposition of electrodes with low Gibbs free energy and raising the temperature to exceed the activation energy for oxygen ions to move from Bi-2212 to the electrode. A model is proposed to explain the resistive switching of perovskite oxide-based ReRAM by generation/recovery of the oxygen-depleted layer. The resistance change effect developed also in the Pt/Bi-2212/Au structure annealed in hydrogen gas, in which an oxygen-depleted layer is formed with the assistance of catalytic effect of Pt on the surface of the Bi-2212 at the Pt/Bi-2212 interface, proving the validity of the model. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3651465]“
“There are consistent individual differences in human intelligence, attributable to a single ‘general intelligence’ factor, g. The evolutionary basis of g and its links to social learning and culture remain controversial. Conflicting hypotheses regard primate cognition as divided into specialized, independently evolving modules versus a single general process.