Field procedures were fitted accordingly. Birds Field observations and analyses followed the rules of the simplified territory mapping method (Sutherland 2006). At the height of the breeding season in 2006 and 2007, LDK378 concentration three morning counts were conducted in each margin. We walked the whole 500 m section once, and marked the position of the birds encountered on a map (scale 1:2,000) using standard codes. Care was taken to record selleckchem simultaneous territorial behavior and any other indications of breeding: found nests, social behaviours, birds carrying food, nesting materials, etc. The total time spent censusing (20–60 min) was roughly proportional to the vegetation density. After

each season, all the records were transferred onto maps of individual species. On the basis of clusters of sightings, we designated breeding territories of individual pairs. For each plot, we calculated the total number of species in both seasons, and

the mean number of breeding pairs of all species except Cuckoo Cuculus canorus because LY2835219 mw of its unusual breeding system. Vascular plants Two methods were used to list the plant species on each study plot in one of the growing seasons 2004–2007. First, on each 500 m section, three transverse transects were laid out at 100, 250, and 400 m. Ten m wide, each transect encompassed the whole width of the margin, perpendicular to its axis (so the transect length was equal to the width of the margin). Here, a detailed phytosociological description of the plant communities was made, which allowed us to identify the full species composition. Second, plant species growing beyond the transects were recorded during the thrice-yearly walks along the whole section in spring (April–May), summer (July–August) and fall (September–October) to draw up lists of species for the whole growing season. The lists of species obtained by the two methods were then combined to obtain the full species richness in each plot. Bryophytes The bryological survey took place during fall 2007. Specific floristic-ecological data were collected along the whole length of each 500 m section. Spontaneously growing bryophytes were searched for on different substrates: bare soil, the bark

of snags and growing trees and shrubs, rotten wood, stones, Sulfite dehydrogenase anthropogenic substrates (rails, bridges, concrete, items of trash). The bryophyte species list was then compiled, with additional ecological data ascribed to each species. Vegetation structure The occurrence of threatened species was analyzed jointly for all 70 margins, and separately for the three types distinguished on the basis of tall vegetation volume (V). To calculate this, we used the formula: Volume (m3) = Length (m) × Width (m) × Height (m), where Length is the sum of stretches with trees and shrubs along the whole 500 m section, whereas Width and Height are the mean measurements of the canopy outlines, measured at 5 points in each section: at 50, 150, 250, 350, and 450 m.