For instance, research shows that women have different self-management see more education needs compared with men. Latin American women are said to be better suited to and more successful with interventions that incorporate family, peers, and promotoras (i.e., community health workers) for social support [25]. South Asian women find it harder than men to discuss their problems with male physicians or to participate in mixed-gender education groups [26]. These findings suggest that men and women with diabetes may have different DSME

needs and that different cultures may respond better to various DSME intervention features than others. A better understanding of which Ganetespib intervention features are associated with improved outcomes by gender and culture can be used to target interventions to specific populations to enhance learning, skills building, and diabetes management more effectively than a standardized DSME program. Given the rising prevalence of diabetes among women from certain ethnic backgrounds and women’s greater risk

of diabetes complications compared with men, the goal of our study was to systematically review the literature to identify DSME features associated with various self-management outcomes. For women of African/Caribbean or Hispanic/Latin ethnicity living in industrialized countries. The impetus for our research was to help direct the development of a new government-funded DSME program at a community health (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate center specifically tailored for women from high-risk ethnic groups for diabetes.

The results from this study are intended to help diabetes educators and health practitioners learn how best to deliver DSME to achieve the desired self-management outcomes. Key words used to search for relevant articles included: adult, Type 2 DM, patient care management, patient education, patient-centered care, ethnic groups, and competency-based education. A library technician searched for relevant articles published in English from 1980 to 2008 in Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, HealthStar, PsycInfo, and ProQuest Nursing & Alliance Health. Using women as a key search term was not recommended due to the high probably of excluding studies that sampled primarily women. Thus, the search strategy was broad (sensitive) to include as many relevant articles through subsequent manual screening. Reference lists of relevant reviews and articles and tables of contents from Diabetes Care and Diabetes Educator were thoroughly reviewed to ensure all relevant studies were obtained.