Furthermore, PARP signaling DCC inhibits Robo2 function before midline crossing to allow a midline approach and crossing.\n\nConclusions: Our results demonstrate that midline crossing is not required for subsequent guidance decisions by pioneer axons and that this is due, in part, to DCC inhibition of Robo2 function prior to midline crossing.”
“This study was conducted to determine whether the optic disc appearance and the visual field

parameters of patients with migraine vary from those of age-matched controls. Twenty-two patients with migraine and 20 control participants were enrolled in the study. The automated visual field tests by Humphrey Field Analyzer (R) and optic disc images by Topcon (R) fundus camera were obtained from each participant. Horizontal and vertical cup-to-disc ratios were calculated by a manual, planimetric technique performed by two independent observers. The visual field indices including mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviations

(PSD) were documented. No difference was found in the average cup-to-disc ratio between patients with migraine and control participants. However, MD and PSD of the groups were different. The average MD in the migraine group was -0.86 + 1.21, and in the control group was 0.10 + 1.03 (p = 0.009). The average PSD in the migraine group was 2.11 + 0.68 and in the control group was 1.68 + 0.44 (p = 0.024). LY2835219 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that patients with migraine had decreased sensitivity in their visual fields compared to the control participants. Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“We describe a case of a 45-year-old woman with progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), macrocytic anaemia without

fragments or thrombocytopaenia, and thrombotic microangiopathy on renal biopsy. ‘A disintegrin and metalloprotease, with thrombospondin-1-like Liproxstatin-1 supplier domains’ (ADAMTS-13) deficiency was detected, and genotyping revealed single-nucleotide polymorphisms known to be associated with reduced ADAMTS-13 secretion and activity. Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura was diagnosed with unusual features of late presentation and absent neurological involvement. ADAMTS-13 deficiency should be considered a cause of CKD when features of thrombotic microangiopathy are present on renal biopsy.”
“Numerous studies in animals and humans have shown that damage to the vestibular system in the inner ear results in spatial memory deficits, presumably because areas of the brain such as the hippocampus require vestibular input to accurately represent the spatial environment. Consistent with this hypothesis, studies in animals have demonstrated that complete bilateral vestibular deafferentation (BVD) causes a disruption of place cell firing as well as theta activity.