However, profiles AMP-CIP-NAL and CIP-NAL were observed in five out of seven zones (Table 1). Phage typing Among the 40 isolates, 11 different phage types were observed: 6a (n = 19), 1 (n = 8), 14c (n = 2), 21 (n = 2), 4b (n = 1), 13 (n = 1), 35 (n = 1), 37 (n = 1), 911 (n = 1), three atypical lytic patterns, and one untypable (Figure 1). Significant variation in phage susceptibility was observed. Susceptibility to 11 typing phages differentiated the two most common phage types (6a and 11). Phage types 21, 35, & 37 differed by their

susceptibility to four to six of the typing phages. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing NCT-501 Seven different previously known XbaI PFGE patterns [JEGX01.0158 (n = 16), JEGX01.0002 (n = 7), JEGX01.0019 (n = 6), JEGX01.0167 (n = 2), JEGX01.0008 (n = 1), JEGX01.0325 (n = 1), JEGX01.0653 (n = 1)] were identified among the 40 isolates in addition to six patterns which were new to the PulseNet USA database. The isolates were further subtyped using a second enzyme, BlnI, which revealed seven different previously known BlnI PFGE patterns [JEGA26.0010 GM6001 order (n = 31), JEGA26.0017 (n = 1), JEGA26.0058 (n = 1), JEGA26.0067 (n = 1), JEGA26.0068 (n = 1), JEGA26.0120 (n = 1), JEGA26.0155 (n = 1)] and two additional patterns which were new to the PulseNet USA database. In total 14 XbaI/BlnI PFGE pattern combinations were detected (Figure 1). Multiple-locus variable-number

tandem repeat analysis The 40 strains generated seven different MLVA types. Variation was observed at loci VNTR-1 (n = 4), VNTR-2 (n = 2), VNTR-5 (n = 8) and VNTR-9 (n = 2).

The most common profile (5-5-1-10-3-3-11) contained 20 isolates. (Figure 1). Three isolates displayed variation both at loci VNTR-1 and VNTR-5 (allelic profile: 4-5-1-10-3-3-10), one isolate displayed variation in three loci VNTR-1, VNTR-5 and VNTR-9 (allelic profile: 8-5-1-10-2-3-7), one isolated showed variation in four loci VNTR-1, VNTR-2, VNTR-5 and VNTR-9 (allelic profile: 6-6-1-10-2-3-6), before and the remaining 15 isolates exhibited variation only at locus VNTR-5 (Figure 1). Analysis of the composite data set Composite analysis based on PFGE and MLVA data grouped the 40 isolates into 22 genotypes. Seven genotypes contained multiple isolates; 15 genotypes were comprised of a single isolate. No single genotype was responsible for either gastroenteritis or bacteremia among Thai patients. In Five instances, the same genotype was isolated from both stool and blood in different zones and time periods (Figure 1). Discussion Previous studies selleck screening library indicated that infection with Salmonella serovar Enteritidis was a statistically significant risk factor for bacteremia among Thai patients [7, 17, 18]. The goal of this study was to characterize Salmonella serovar Enteritidis isolates obtained from blood and stool specimens in Thailand in a spatial and temporal context and determine if a particular clone is associated with bacteremia based on the information described by Hendriksen et al.[7].