In this review of the evolutionary genetics of plant adaptation, we emphasize the importance of field studies for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of model and nonmodel systems, highlight a key life history trait (flowering time) and discuss emerging conservation issues.”
“BACKGROUND: Various surgical approaches for the removal
of tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) have previously been described.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and safety of the lateral supraorbital (LSO) approach to remove TSMs.
METHODS: We identified all TSM patients operated on at the Department of Neurosurgery at Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland, by the senior author (J.H.) using the LSO approach between September C188-9 research buy WZB117 1997 and August 2010. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, radiological findings, surgical treatment, histology, and outcome of patients and discuss the operative technique.
RESULTS: Apparent complete tumor removal was achieved in 45 patients (87%). Of 42 patients, preexisting
visual deficit improved in 22, remained the same in 13, and worsened in 7, and de novo visual deficit occurred in 1 patient. At 3 months post-discharge, 47 patients (90%) had a good recovery, 4 (8%) were moderately disabled, and 1 (2%) died 40 days after surgery of unexplained cardiac arrest. Seven patients (13%) had minimal residual tumors, 2 of which required reoperation. During the median follow-up of 59 months (range, 1-133 months), tumor recurred in 1 of the patients who had undergone a second operation.
CONCLUSION: TSMs of all sizes can be removed via the LSO approach with minimal morbidity and mortality. Low-power or no coagulation RAS p21 protein activator 1 is recommended near the optic nerves and the optic chiasm to preserve their vascular support from the internal carotid artery perforators. Our results are comparable to those obtained using more extensive and time-consuming approaches. We recommend the LSO approach to remove TSMs.”
“Background. Physical morbidity is a potent risk factor for depression onset and clearly increases with age, yet prior research has often found depressive disorders to decrease with age. This study
tests the possibility that the relationship between age and mental disorders differs as a function of physical co-morbidity.
Method. Eighteen general population surveys were carried out among household-residing adults as part of the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys initiative (n = 42 697). DSM-IV disorders were assessed using face-to-face interviews with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). The effect of age was estimated for 12-month depressive and/or anxiety disorders with and without physical or pain co-morbidity, and for physical and/or pain conditions without mental co-morbidity.
Results. Depressive and anxiety disorders decreased with age, a result that cannot be explained by organic exclusion criteria.