Invasion negatively impacted the grassland community structure and composition, favoring shade tolerant and weedy native plants, but did not greatly alter ecosystem function. Burning broom patches

to eliminate the stands resulted in lower soil moisture and nitrogen levels 18 months after the fire. Yet, there were no notable fire effects on the grassland communities or ecosystem properties. Taken together, the results suggest Entinostat that fire might be an effective tool for broom control. At the end of the study period burned-broom communities did not become more similar to uninvaded-grasslands; presumably the recovery process may be slow without additional management intervention.”
“Objective: The advent of dental lasers has raised another possible treatment option for dentine hypersensitivity (DH) and has become a research interest in the last decades. The aim of this randomized, controlled, double-blind, split mouth, clinical study was to evaluate and compare the desensitizing effects of erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) to galium-aluminium-arsenide (GaAlAs)

laser on DH.\n\nMethods: Fifty-one patients participated in this study for a total of 174 teeth. DH was assessed for all groups with a visual analog scale. For each patient, the teeth were randomized to three groups. In the diode laser group, sensitive teeth were irradiated with the GaAlAs laser at 8.5 J/cm(2) energy density. In the Er,CrYSGG laser group, sensitive teeth were irradiated Torin 2 in vitro with Er,Cr:YSGG laser in the hard tissue mode using a none-contact probe at an energy level of 0.25 W and repetition rate of 20 Hz, 0% water and 10% air. In the control group no treatment was performed. Treatment time was 60 s for GaAlAs laser and 30 s for Er,CEYSGG laser.\n\nResults: When compared with the control group and baseline data, in both laser groups, laser irradiation provided a desensitizing effect immediately after treatment and this effect was maintained throughout the study (p < 0.05). No significant differences between Er,Cr:YSGG and GaAlAs laser groups were found at any follow-up examination (p > 0.05).\n\nConclusion:

Based on these findings, it may be concluded that both Er,Cr:YSGG and GaAlAs RG-7388 lasers were effective in the treatment of DH following a single application. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The experimental and theoretical investigation results of a novel organic non-linear optical (NLO) organic squat-ate salt of 2-Picolinium hydrogensquarate (1), C6H8N+ C4HO4-, were reported in this study. The space group of the title compound was found in the monoclinic C2/c space group. It was found that the asymmetric unit consists of one monohydrogen squarate anion together with mono protonated 2-Picolinium, forming the (1) salt. The X-ray analysis clearly indicated that the crystal packing has shown the hydrogen bonding ring pattern of D-2(2)(10) (alpha-dimer) through N-H…O interactions.