Laboratory Investigation (2010) 90, 1594-1603; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2010.131; published online 26 July 2010″
“CD44 is the major ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor for hyaluronate. The CD44 gene encodes several protein isoforms due to extensive alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. Some of these CD44 variable isoforms have been foreseen Elacridar cost as key players in malignant transformation and their expression is highly restricted and highly specific, unlike the canonical CD44 standard isoform. In this study, we aimed at dissecting the mRNA splicing pattern of CD44 in normal stomach and gastric cancer (GC) cell

lines (n = 9) using cloning and quantitative mRNA amplification assays. Moreover, we assessed the RNA levels and protein expression pattern of relevant splicing Fedratinib manufacturer forms in distinct premalignant and malignant gastric lesions

(sporadic (n = 43) and hereditary (n = 3) forms) using real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. We also explored the association of CD44 and E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry, as E-cadherin has a pivotal functional role in GC. We established the pattern of CD44 variant forms in normal stomach and gastric malignancy. We observed that although exon v6-containing isoforms were rarely expressed in normal gastric mucosa, they became increasingly expressed both in gastric premalignant (hyperplastic polyps, complete and incomplete

intestinal metaplasia, low- and high-grade dysplasia) and malignant lesions (cell lines Liothyronine Sodium derived from GCs, primary sporadic GCs and hereditary diffuse GCs (HDGCs)). Moreover, we verified that whenever E-cadherin expression was absent, exon v6-containing CD44 isoforms were overexpressed. The lack of expression of CD44 isoforms containing exon v6 in the surface and foveolar epithelia of normal stomach and, its de novo expression in premalignant, as well as in sporadic and hereditary malignant lesions of the stomach, pinpoint CD44 v6-containg isoforms as potential biomarkers for early transformation of the gastric mucosa. Further, our results raise the hypothesis of using CD44v6 as a marker of early invasive intramucosal carcinoma in HDGC CDH1 mutation carriers that lack CDH1 expression in their tumors. Laboratory Investigation (2010) 90, 1604-1614; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2010.155; published online 20 September 2010″
“To understand the cellular and molecular events contributing to arthrofibrosis, we used an adenovirus to deliver and overexpress transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) cDNA (Ad. TGF-beta 1) in the knee joints of immunocompromised rats. Following delivery, animals were killed periodically, and joint tissues were examined macroscopically and histologically.