PubMedCrossRef 26. Tazawa S, Yamato T, Fujikura H, Hiratochi M, Itoh F, Tomae M, Takemura Y, Maruyama H, Sugiyama T, Wakamatsu A, et al.: SLC5A9/SGLT4, a new Na+-dependent Savolitinib price glucose transporter, is an essential transporter for mannose, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, and fructose. Life Sci 2005,76(9):1039–1050.PubMedCrossRef 27. Wuensch SA, Ray PD: Synthesis of citrate from phosphoenolpyruvate

and acetylcarnitine by mitochondria from rabbit enterocytes: implications for lipogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1997,118(3):599–605.PubMedCrossRef 28. Newsholme EA, Carrie AL: Quantitative aspects of glucose and glutamine metabolism by intestinal cells. Gut 1994,35(1 Suppl):S13–17.PubMedCrossRef 29. Duran JM, Cano M, Peral MJ, Ilundain AA: D-mannose transport and metabolism in isolated enterocytes. Glycobiology 2004,14(6):495–500.PubMedCrossRef 30. Ellwood KC, Chatzidakis C, Failla ML: Fructose utilization by the human intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1993,202(4):440–446.PubMed 31. Tappenden KA, Thomson AB, Wild GE, McBurney MI: Short-chain fatty acid-supplemented total parenteral nutrition enhances functional adaptation to intestinal resection in rats. Gastroenterology 1997,112(3):792–802.PubMedCrossRef 32. Wortmannin price Musch MW, Bookstein C, Xie Y, Sellin JH, Chang EB: SCFA increase intestinal Na absorption

by induction of NHE3 in rat colon and human intestinal C2/bbe cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001,280(4):G687–693.PubMed 33. Johnson LR, Brockway PD, Madsen K, Hardin JA, Gall DG: Polyamines alter intestinal glucose transport.

Am J Physiol 1995,268(3 Pt 1):G416–423.PubMed 34. Elli M, Zink R, Rytz A, Reniero R, Morelli L: Iron requirement of eFT-508 clinical trial Lactobacillus spp. in completely chemically defined growth media. J Appl Microbiol 2000,88(4):695–703.PubMedCrossRef 35. Turner JR, Rill BK, Carlson SL, Carnes D, Kerner R, Mrsny RJ, Madara JL: Physiological regulation of epithelial tight junctions is associated with myosin light-chain phosphorylation. Am J Physiol 1997,273(4 Pt 1):C1378–1385.PubMed Authors’ contributions AR performed bacterial cultures, supernatant preparation, and measured glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells, YK participated in the design of the study and assisted with the glucose BCKDHB uptake studies, and RB helped in the conceptual design of the study, assisted with the analysis and interpretation of the data, helped with the preparation of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background The increase in AIDS awareness has lead to extensive studies on opportunistic infections. Coccidia and sporozoa like Cryptosporidium spp., Microsporidia spp., Isospora spp. and Cyclospora spp. have emerged as important parasites. Infection with these protozoa usually causes nausea, low grade fever, abdominal cramps, anorexia and watery motions [1]. In immunocompetant people, the illness is generally self limiting.