Through a meticulous analysis and optimization process, this research will develop a dental implant design by investigating the impact of square threads and their varying thread dimensions in achieving an optimal shape. Finite element analysis (FEA) and numerical optimization were combined to create a mathematical model for this study. Through design of experiments (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized shape for dental implants was achieved by meticulously studying the critical parameters. The simulated outcomes were scrutinized in relation to the predicted values, all factors being optimized. A one-factor RSM design study on dental implants, utilizing a 450 N vertical compressive load, showed that the optimal thread depth-to-width ratio was 0.7, minimizing both von Mises and shear stress. Analysis revealed that the buttress thread design yielded the lowest von Mises and shear stresses compared to square threads, resulting in calculated thread parameters: a depth 0.45 times the pitch, a width 0.3 times the pitch, and an angle of 17 degrees. Uniformity in the implant's diameter allows the utilization of standard 4-mm abutments.

This research aims to quantify the effect of cooling on the reverse torque values produced when installing various abutments in bone-level and tissue-level implants. Comparing cooled and uncooled implant abutments, the null hypothesis posited no difference in the reverse torque values of the abutment screws. Thirty-six Straumann bone-level and tissue-level implants, placed in synthetic bone blocks, were subsequently categorized into three distinct groups (12 implants each). These groups were classified by the type of abutment: titanium base, cementable, and abutments for screw-retained restorations. The 35 Ncm torque value was achieved for each and every abutment screw. Before releasing the abutment screw in half of the implant cases, a dry ice rod was used to treat the abutments close to the implant-abutment junction for exactly 60 seconds. The cooling process was omitted for the remaining implant-abutment pairs. A digital torque meter was utilized to record the maximum reverse torque values, which were subsequently documented. Selleck compound W13 Three cycles of the tightening-releasing-cooling procedure were completed for each implant within the test groups, yielding eighteen reverse torque values per implant group. A two-way ANOVA was chosen to evaluate the interplay of cooling and abutment type and their effect on the recorded measurements. For the purpose of group comparisons, post hoc t-tests were applied, the significance level being .05. The Bonferroni-Holm method was employed to correct the p-values of post hoc tests for the impact of multiple hypothesis testing. Analysis of the data led to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Selleck compound W13 Statistical analysis revealed a significant effect of cooling and abutment type on the reverse torque values measured in bone-level implants (P = .004). The data demonstrated a significant lack of tissue-level implants (P = .051). After cooling, bone-level implants' reverse torque values showed a significant decrease from 2031 ± 255 Ncm to 1761 ± 249 Ncm. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) difference in the average reverse torque values between bone-level and tissue-level implants. Bone-level implants exhibited a higher average value (1896 ± 284 Ncm) than tissue-level implants (1613 ± 317 Ncm). Significant reductions in reverse torque values were observed in bone-level implants after the cooling of the implant abutment, suggesting its potential use as a prerequisite to procedures for the removal of impacted implant parts.

This research proposes to investigate if prophylactic antibiotic use reduces the rates of sinus graft infection and/or dental implant failure during maxillary sinus elevation surgeries (primary outcome), and to identify the optimal antibiotic regimen (secondary outcome). A literature search utilizing MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and OpenGrey was executed for publications between December 2006 and December 2021. We incorporated comparative clinical studies – prospective and retrospective – with a minimum of 50 patients and published in English. Among the excluded materials were animal studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, narrative literature reviews, books, case reports, letters to the editor, and commentaries. With independent review from two reviewers, the identified studies were assessed, data extracted, and the risk of bias evaluated. In case of requirement, authors were contacted. Selleck compound W13 The data collected were reported using descriptive methodologies. Twelve studies were selected for inclusion, meeting the established criteria. A retrospective investigation, the only one contrasting antibiotic usage with its avoidance, found no statistically noteworthy distinction in implant failure. Regrettably, no data concerning sinus infection rates were provided. A single randomized, controlled trial evaluating the impact of distinct antibiotic courses—intraoperative treatment versus seven additional postoperative days—did not show statistically significant differences in the occurrence of sinus infections between the intervention groups. Insufficient evidence exists to validate either the utilization or avoidance of preventive antibiotic treatment during sinus elevation surgery, or to show any one protocol to be inherently superior to the rest.

This research investigates the accuracy (linear and angular deviations) of dental implants placed using computer-guided surgery, varying the surgical technique (fully guided, half-guided, and non-guided), bone density (D1 to D4), and the support structure (teeth versus mucosa). Acrylic resin was used to create a set of thirty-two mandible models; sixteen models exhibited partial edentulism, and the remaining sixteen were edentulous. Each of these models was calibrated to a specific bone density, progressing from D1 to D4. Mguide software's design determined the precise placement of four implants in every acrylic resin mandible. 128 implants were strategically positioned, categorized by bone density (D1 through D4, 32 implants each), surgical complexity (fully guided [FG] 80, half-guided [HG] 32, and freehand [F] 16), and support type (64 tooth-supported and 64 mucosa-supported implants). Pre- and post-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were used to determine the linear, vertical, and angular differences between the planned and actual three-dimensional implant positions, calculated by assessing the linear and angular disparities. Linear regression models and parametric tests were used to assess the effect. The technique, with bone type contributing to a lesser degree, was a dominant factor in determining the linear and angular discrepancy patterns throughout the various regions examined (neck, body, and apex). Both remained statistically significant predictive parameters. Completely edentulous models frequently demonstrate an increase in these discrepancies. Linear deviations, as ascertained by regression models, demonstrate an increase of 6302 meters in the buccolingual dimension at neck level, and 8367 meters in the mesiodistal dimension at apex level, when contrasting FG and HG techniques. This increase manifests as a cumulative effect when analyzing the HG and F techniques. The regression models, studying the effect of bone density, noted linear deviations increasing from 1326 meters in the axial direction to 1990 meters at the implant apex in the buccolingual dimension for every decrease in density (D1 to D4). This in vitro study reveals that dentate models with high bone density and a fully guided surgical technique demonstrate the greatest predictability of implant placement.

We propose to evaluate the interaction between hard and soft tissues and the mechanical integrity of screw-retained layered zirconia crowns bonded to titanium nitride (TiN) coated titanium CAD/CAM abutments, implant-supported, at the one- and two-year mark. Forty-six patients received a total of 102 free-standing implant-supported crowns, each a layered zirconia restoration. Following bonding to their individual abutments in the dental laboratory, these were delivered as single-unit, screw-retained crowns. Data from baseline, one-year, and two-year time points were meticulously assembled for analysis of pocket probing depth, bleeding on probing, marginal bone levels, and mechanical complications. Four out of the 46 patients, each with a single implant, were not subject to follow-up. These patients were excluded from the analysis. Among the 98 implants remaining, soft tissue measurements were obtained for 94 at year one and 86 at year two, as a result of the global pandemic impacting appointment schedules. The average buccal/lingual probing depths were 180/195mm and 209/217mm, respectively. According to the study protocol, probing at one and two years yielded mean bleeding values of 0.50 and 0.53, respectively, these results signifying a level of bleeding somewhere between no bleeding and a slight spot of bleeding. Radiographic information was gathered for 74 implants after one year and 86 after two years. By the end of the study period, the bone level's position in relation to the reference point had shifted +049 mm mesially and +019 mm distally. One dental unit (1%) exhibited a mechanical complication due to a slight crown margin misalignment. Porcelain fractures were observed in 16 units (16%), while a preload decrease was seen in 12 units (12%), each showing less than 5 Ncm (or less than 20% of initial preload). The stability of ceramic crowns bonded to CAD/CAM screw-retained abutments using angulated screw access was considered to be high, featuring overall bone gain, healthy soft tissues, and only a limited number of mechanical problems concentrated on small porcelain fractures and a clinically unimportant reduction in initial preload.

The objective is to scrutinize the marginal accuracy of soft-milled cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) restorative materials in tooth/implant-supported restorations, in comparison with other prevalent construction methods and restorative alternatives.