The animals received a single dose of 100 mg/kg
of the L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, 2 h after lesion, and the muscle tissue was analyzed in BIBF1120 two time-points: 24 h and 7 days. Twenty-four hours after injury, the crushed muscle was characterized by an intense inflammatory cell infiltrate and edema demonstrated by histological analysis. These changes were accompanied by increased iNOS, MMP-2 and HGF mRNA transcription and protein expression of the iNOS and MMP-2 in the gastrocnemius muscle. Crushing injury also promoted cell proliferation and increase number satellite cell, responsible for the regeneration of the muscle fiber. Treatment with L-NAME blocking local NO production, greatly attenuated these histological and molecular findings at 24 h. On the 7th day the molecular findings of both groups were comparable to the control (sham trauma) group. However, the I.-NAME group showed increase deposition of collagen and decrease of SC expression. These findings demonstrate that activation of NO during muscle crush is critical in the early phases of the skeletal muscle repair process and indicate its possible role as a regulator of the balance between fibrosis and muscle
regeneration. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Elderly patients might be denied nonelective cardiac surgery because of the perception of poor outcomes and an unacceptable quality of life. In this study learn more we evaluate long-term survival and quality of life in these patients.
Methods: From 1994 to 1999, 262 consecutive patients older than 80 years underwent urgent (n = 223) or emergent (n = 39) cardiac surgery. Of these patients, 160 (61%) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, 64 (24%) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting plus valve surgery, 17 (7%) underwent valve surgery, and 21 (8%) underwent aortic surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and quality-of-life assessment were performed, and result were compared with age-adjusted population data. Risk factors for Omipalisib solubility dmso mortality were determined by using Cox regression. The utility of Society of Thoracic Surgeons
and EuroSCORE risk scoring were assessed by using area under receiver operating curves.
Results: Early mortality was 11%(n = 29) overall, 7%(n = 16) in urgent cases, and 33% (n = 13) in emergent cases. Five-year survival was 50% (n = 132) overall, 53%(n = 105) in urgent cases, and 36% (n = 18) in emergent cases. There was no difference in 10-year survival between patients undergoing urgent surgical intervention and age-adjusted population data. Among survivors, quality-of-life measures were equivalent to those of the general elderly population. Risk factors for early mortality were age, emergent procedure, aortic procedure, bypass time, and postoperative complication (renal failure, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, pneumonia, and reoperation for bleeding).