The compaction properties of the co-processed mannitol-chitin mixture were found to be dependent upon the quantity of mannitol added to chitin, in addition to the granulation procedure used. Optimal physicochemical properties of the excipient, from a manufacturing perspective, were obtained using a co-processed mannitol-chitin (2: 8, w/w) mixture prepared by wet granulation (Cop-MC). Disintegration

time, crushing strength, and friability of tablets, produced from Cop-MC using magnesium EGFR tumor stearate as a lubricant, were found to be independent of the particle size of the prepared granules. The inherent binding and disintegration properties of the compressed Cop-MC are useful for the formulation of poorly compressible, high-strength, and low-strength active pharmaceutical ingredients. The ability to co-process alpha-chitin with crystalline mannitol allows chitin to be used as a valuable industrial pharmaceutical excipient.”
“QUESTIONS: P. aeruginosa infections are assumed to play a major role in the frequency of exacerbations and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Colonisation with P. aeruginosa accelerates lung function decline, most probably due to more frequent exacerbations. In this retrospective study we aimed

to determine selleck chemicals the prevalence of colonisation with P. aeruginosa in COPD patients treated in a tertiary hospital centre.

METHODS: 112 patients diagnosed with COPD testing positive for P. aeruginosa in at least one respiratory sample during the study period (2004-2008) were retrospectively analysed to estimate GOLD stage-specific prevalences, colonisation patterns, morphology and antibiotic resistance profiles

of P. aeruginosa strains.

RESULTS: Colonisation with P. aeruginosa was present in all COPD stages, but prevalence significantly Nepicastat increased with disease severity (GOLD 1: 0.7%, GOLD 2: 1.5%; GOLD 3: 1.5%; GOLD 4: 2.6%; p = 0.0003). 41% of COPD patients with P. aeruginosa-positive respiratory samples were chronic carriers, of whom 8% had mucoid strains. Carriage of a mucoid strain was associated with advanced COPD stage GOLD 4 (p = 0.01). Resistance to cephalosporins was most frequently encountered and resistance to ciprofloxacin was found in more advanced stages of COPD.

CONCLUSIONS: Colonisation with P. aeruginosa was present in all COPD severity stages and colonisation with mucoid strains was more frequent in advanced COPD. Resistance to the only oral anti-pseudomonas antibiotic ciprofloxacin was more frequently encountered in severe COPD stages.”
“In terahertz quantum well infrared photodetectors, a built-in-charge-mediated regime transition of the electronic transport is thoroughly investigated. The very strong current discontinuity and negative differential resistivity behavior are explained in terms of band structure reorganizations.