This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and clinical characteristics of this neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetic mellitus treated at hospitals in Korea. Methods Questionnaires and medical records were used to collect data on 4000 patients with Type 2 diabetes from the diabetes clinics of 40 hospitals throughout Korea. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was diagnosed based on a review of medical records or using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument score and monofilament test. Proteasome inhibitor Results The prevalence of neuropathy was 33.5% (n = 1338). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, female sex, diabetes duration, lower

glycated haemoglobin, treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin, presence of retinopathy, history of cerebrovascular or peripheral arterial disease, presence of hypertension or dyslipidaemia, and history of foot ulcer were independently associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Of the patients with neuropathy, 69.8% were treated for the condition and only 12.6% were aware of their neuropathy. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes in Korea and those patients were

far more likely to have complications or co-morbidities. The proper management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy deserves attention selleck compound from clinicians to ensure better management of diabetes in Korea.”
“Improved fuel consumption and lower emissions are two of the key objectives for future transportation. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), in which two AR-13324 mouse or more power systems are combined, can meet these objectives through the capture and reuse of regenerated braking energy and through optimized use of the prime mover. However, more complicated power-management strategies are required for such vehicles. This paper explores the potential of applying to advanced power-management strategies for a diesel multiple-unit (DMU) train. These types

of vehicles have multiple diesel engines that are commonly operated in a homogenous manner. This paper analyzes the potential energy savings that may be obtained through the independent operation of the engines. Two widely investigated power-management strategies that have been developed for HEVs have been applied to a typical DMU railroad vehicle. Dynamic programming (DP) strategies have been applied to the results produced by a single-train motion simulator to identify the optimal instant power distribution between the engines. An adaptive rule-based online strategy based on the optimization results from the DP solution is then proposed and realized using a nonlinear programming optimization algorithm. Both strategies indicate acceptable agreement and show a fuel cost reduction of around 7%, in comparison with the evenly split engine operation.”
“Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex disorder secondary to gene-environment interactions, and is the commonest chronic lung disease in infancy.