To determine the ease in completion Selleckchem RG 7204 of the questionnaire, pretesting of the questionnaire was conducted on eight patients in one of the public health clinics. Critiques were noted and revisions were made to

the questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 (New York, USA). The participants’ demographic and clinical data were analysed descriptively. Poisson regression with robust estimator was utilized to identify the predictors of the presence of dental caries, whereas generalized linear model for negative binomial distribution with log link was used to evaluate the predictors of ds and dt. All the potential risk factors/indicators were initially evaluated separately, and the predictors with P-values <0.1 were subsequently included in a regression model with backward model selection to determine the final model. A total of 201 children were recruited. Eleven children were excluded because of noncompliant behaviour or incomplete information

in the questionnaire. Data presented were therefore based on 190 children with a mean age of 36.3 ± 6.9 months (range: 18–48 months). There Ipilimumab research buy were similar number of males (n = 98) and females (n = 92). Majority of the children were of either Chinese (60%) or Malay (32%) ethnicity. Due to the small number of Indian children (7%), they were grouped under the ‘Other’ category for the purpose of statistical analysis. Majority of the children (67%) were living in type 2 (4–5 rooms) government-subsidized housing, 16% in type 1 (1–3 rooms) government-subsidized housing, and the remaining (17%) in privatized (minimal or no government subsidy) housing (types 3 and 4). Ninety-two (48%) children had d1, d2, or d3 carious lesions. Eighty children (42%) had incipient carious lesions (d1 lesions), and 58 (31%) had enamel (d2 lesions) and dentinal caries (d3 lesions). The mean d23t and d23s scores (cavitated carious

lesions) were 1.0 ± 2.2 (range: 0–13 teeth) and 1.5 ± 4.2 (range: 0–33 surfaces), respectively. When the incipient lesions were included, the mean d123t and d123s scores increased to 2.2 ± 3.3 (range: 0–20 teeth) and 3.0 ± 5.6 (range: 0–41 surfaces), respectively. There was no contributing ‘f’ Tau-protein kinase or ‘m’ component because none of the children had any filled or extracted teeth. Nineteen children displayed ECC (10%), and 73 children (38.4%) had severe ECC. Majority of the children (89%) with carious lesions had maxillary incisor caries. Analysis utilizing the chi-square McNemar test revealed that there was significantly more dental caries in the maxillary incisors compared with the rest of the dentition (P = 0.009). The odds ratio for a child with maxillary incisor caries to have carious lesions in the rest of the dentition was 12.7 (95% CI: 5.79, 27.